Yahya Petra of Kelantan

Yahya Petra
Yang di-Pertuan Agong VI
Al-Sultan of Kelantan
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Reign 21 September 1975 – 29 March 1979
Installation 28 February 1976
Predecessor Abdul Halim of Kedah
Successor Ahmad Shah of Pahang
Sultan of Kelantan
Reign 10 July 1960 – 29 March 1979
Coronation 17 July 1961
Predecessor Ibrahim IV of Kelantan
Successor Ismail Petra of Kelantan
Born (1917-12-10)10 December 1917
Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Unfederated Malay States, British Malaya
Died 29 March 1979(1979-03-29) (aged 61)
Istana Negara, Kuala Lumpur
Burial 30 March 1979
Langgar Royal Mausoleum, Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Spouse
Tengku Zainab
(m. 1939; deceased 1979)
Issue Tengku Merjan
Tengku Rozan
Tengku Salwani
Tengku Rohani
Sultan Ismail Petra
Full name

Tengku Yahya Petra ibni Tengku Ibrahim Petra (as birth)

Tuanku Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim IV (as Yang di-Pertuan Agong)

Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim IV (as Sultan of Kelantan)
House House of Long Senik
Father Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV
Mother Cik Puan Besar Embong Binti Daud
Religion Sunni Islam

Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim, GCMG, (Jawi: سلطان يحي ڤيترا ابن المرحوم سلطان إبراهيم; 10 December 1917 – 29 March 1979) was the sixth Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia from 21 September 1975 to his death, and twelfth (by some reckoning tenth) Sultan of modern Kelantan (1960–1979).[1][2]

Early career

He was born Tengku Yahya Petra at Istana Balai Besar in Kota Bharu. He was the second son of Sultan Ibrahim ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV (b. 1897; reigned 1944–1960) but the first by his commoner wife, Cik Embong binti Encik Daud (1899–1971), who was later promoted to the style Che Ampuan Besar by her son.[3]

The young Tengku Yahya Petra was raised by his childless uncle, Tengku Ismail, later Sultan Ismail ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV. He was sent to the Francis Light School in Penang before continuing his studies in England. His uncle, Sultan Ismail, appointed him Tengku Temenggong on 21 July 1939. He was later promoted to Tengku Bendahara on 6 February 1945 by his father, then Sultan Ibrahim. He served in various Kelantan civil service posts from 1941 to 1948.[4]

The Kelantan Succession Dispute

Tengku Indra Petra was the eldest son of Sultan Ibrahim and elder brother of Tengku Yahya Petra. After Sultan Ibrahim succeeded his childless brother Sultan Ismail, Tengku Indra Petra had been appointed heir apparent with the title of Raja Muda on 25 October 1944. However, due to conflict with his father, he was dismissed from the post and removed from the line of succession by his father's decree on 1 February 1948. On the same day, Tengku Yahya Petra replaced his brother as heir apparent with the new title of Tengku Mahkota.

Tengku Indra Petra became a politician and was elected a Member of Parliament (MP) in the first federal legislative election of 1955. Tengku Indra's descendants have since disputed their family's exclusion from the line succession of the Kelantan throne.[5]

Tengku Indra Petra did not preside over the installation of Sultan Yahya Petra's successor, Sultan Ismail Petra, It was Tengku Panglima Raja Tengku Ahmad who presided over both installations of Sultan Yahya Petra and Sultan Ismail Petra. Tengku Panglima Raja is the father of the former Sultanah of Johor, Sultanah Zanariah binti Tengku Ahmad.

Accession

Sultan Yahya Petra (as he became) succeeded his father a day after the latter's death on 9 July 1960. He was crowned on 17 July 1961 at Istana Balai Besar in Kota Bharu.

Election as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong

Sultan Yahya Petra served as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the federal deputy king between 21 September 1970 until 20 September 1975.

Election as Yang di-Pertuan Agong

During the election of the sixth Yang di-Pertuan Agong (the federal king), the most senior rulers Sultan Abu Bakar of Pahang and Sultan Ismail of Johor both declined to be considered. Sultan Yahya Petra also declined nomination at first due to having suffered a serious stroke, but changed his mind and was duly elected.[6] His term began from 21 September 1975.

Events During Kingship

Malaysia's second prime minister Tun Abdul Razak died on 14 January 1976 less than four months into Sultan Yahya Petra's reign as Yang di-Pertuan Agong.

In 1977 a state of emergency was declared in his state following a political crisis and violence.

Death and Funeral

Sultan Yahya Petra died in his sleep of an apparent heart attack at the National Palace on 29 March 1979. His coffin lay in state at the National Palace for a day and was then taken by plane to Kota Bharu where it was buried at the Langgar Royal Mausoleum.[7]

Family life

He was married to Tengku Zainab binti Tengku Sri Utama Raja Tengku Muhammad Petra (1917–1993), who was styled Raja Perempuan Zainab II (her stepmother-in-law was Raja Perempuan Zainab I, consort of Sultan Ibrahim) and Raja Permaisuri Agong. Sultan Yahya Petra and Raja Perempuan Zainab II had one son and fives daughters.[8]

Legacy

Several institutions and places were named after Sultan Yahya Petra, including:

Titles and styles

  • 10 December 1917 - 21 July 1939: His Highness (Yang Amat Mulia) Tengku Yahya Petra ibni Tengku Ibrahim Petra
  • 21 July 1939 - 21 June 1944: His Highness (Yang Amat Mulia) Tengku Yahya Petra ibni Tengku Ibrahim Petra, the Tengku Temenggong of Kelantan
  • 21 June 1944 - 6 February 1945: His Highness (Yang Amat Mulia) Tengku Yahya Petra ibni Sultan Ibrahim IV Petra, the Tengku Temenggong of Kelantan
  • 6 February 1945 - 1 February 1948: His Highness (Yang Amat Mulia) Tengku Yahya Petra ibni Sultan Ibrahim IV Petra, the Tengku Bendahara of Kelantan
  • 1 February 1948 - 10 July 1960: His Royal Highness (Yang Teramat Mulia) Tengku Yahya Petra ibni Sultan Ibrahim IV Petra, the Tengku Mahkota of Kelantan
  • 10 July 1960 – 21 September 1975: His Royal Highness (Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia) Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim IV Petra, the Sultan of Kelantan
  • 21 September 1975 - 29 March 1979: His Majesty (Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda) Tuanku Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim IV Petra, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong VI

Awards and recognitions

Sultan Yahya Petra held the rank of Marshal of the Royal Malaysian Air Force.. He received:

Honours of Kelantan

  • Recipient (21 July 1939) and Grand Master (1960–1979) of the Royal Family Order of Kelantan or "Star of Yunus" (DK)
  • Knight Grand Commander (SPMK, 9 August 1950) and Grand Master (1960–1979) of the Order of the Crown of Kelantan or "Star of Muhammad"
  • Knight Grand Commander (SJMK, 9 August 1959) and Grand Master (1960–1979) of the Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan or "Star of Ismail"
  • Founding Grand Master and Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Loyalty to the Crown of Kelantan or "Star of Ibrahim" (SPSK, 10 December 1967 – 29 March 1979)
  • Grand Master of the Order of the Most Distinguished and Most Valiant Warrior (PYGP, 9 July 1960 – 29 March 1979)

Honours of Malaysia

Foreign Honours

Places named after him

Several places were named after him, including:

  • Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur (formerly Jalan Semarak/Jalan Henry Gurney)
  • Jalan Tuanku Yahya Petra, the main road on Penang Hill
  • Sultan Yahya Petra Mosque in Machang, Kelantan
  • SK Sultan Yahya Petra (1), a primary school in Kuala Krai, Kelantan
  • SK Sultan Yahya Petra (2), a primary school in Kuala Krai, Kelantan
  • SMK Sultan Yahya Petra 1, a secondary school in Kuala Krai, Kelantan
  • SMK Sultan Yahya Petra 2, a secondary school in Kuala Krai, Kelantan
  • Sultan Yahya Petra Bridge in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
  • Sultan Yahya Petra Second Bridge

Notes

  1. ↑ Royal Ark
  2. ↑ Royal Ark
  3. ↑ Finestone, Jeffrey and Shaharil Talib (1994) The Royal Families of South-East Asia Shahindera Sdn Bhd
  4. ↑ Risalah Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong VI Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia
  5. ↑ (19 November 2005) Harakah
  6. ↑ Tunku Abdul Rahman (1978) Viewpoints p 74 Heinemann, Kuala Lumpur
  7. ↑ (1 April 1979) New Straits Times
  8. ↑ Finestone, Jeffrey and Shaharil Talib (1994) Op Cit
  9. ↑ "Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1958" (PDF).
  10. ↑ List of recipients of DK I & DK II of Selangor (in Malay)
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Tuanku Abdul Halim
(Sultan of Kedah)		 Yang di-Pertuan Agong
(King of Malaysia)
1975–1979		 Succeeded by
Sultan Ahmad Shah
(Sultan of Pahang)
Preceded by
Ibrahim IV of Kelantan		 Sultan of Kelantan
1960–1979		 Succeeded by
Ismail II Petra of Kelantan
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