Sukhoi Su-2

Su-2
A Su-2 Mock-up at Central Air Force Museum, Moscow
Role Reconnaissance aircraft and light bomber
National origin Soviet Union
Manufacturer Sukhoi
Designer Pavel Sukhoi
Andrei Tupolev
First flight 25 August 1937
Introduction December 1939
Retired 1944
Primary user Soviet Air Forces
Number built 910

The Sukhoi Su-2 (Russian: Сухой Су-2) was a Soviet reconnaissance and light bomber aircraft used in the early stages of World War II. It was the first airplane designed by Pavel Sukhoi. The basic design received an engine and armament upgrade (Su-4) and was modified for the ground-attack role (ShB).

Development

In 1936, Joseph Stalin released a requirement for a multipurpose combat aircraft. Codenamed Ivanov, the airplane had to be capable of performing reconnaissance and then attacking the targets it located.[1] P. O. Sukhoi was working in the Tupolev OKB at the time and designed (copied the aircraft from a Lithuanian Antanas Gustaitis; the main aircraft was ANBO-8) the "Ivanov" aircraft under the tutelage of Andrei Tupolev. The resulting ANT-51 flew on 25 August 1937 with M. M. Gromov at the controls. Powered by a 610 kW (820 hp) Shvetsov M-62 air-cooled radial engine,the ANT-51 reached 403 km/h (220 kn, 250 mph) at 4,700 m (15,420 ft).[1] This was considered insufficient but since the basic design was sound, it was decided to re-test it with a more powerful engine. Equipped with a 746 kW (1,000 hp) Tumansky M-87 engine, the ANT-51 reached 468 km/h (255 kn, 290 mph) at 5,600 m (18,370 ft) and was accepted into production as BB-1 (Blizhniy Bombardirovschik; Russian: Ближний Бомбардировщик — "short-range bomber").[1] In 1940, the aircraft was renamed Su-2 and the unreliable M-87 engine was replaced with a Tumansky M-88.[1] This lightened version with an M-88B engine reached 512 km/h (275 kn, 320 mph) in testing.

The Su-2 was of mixed construction. The fuselage was semi-monocoque with wood spars and a plywood skin. The wings were of duralumin and steel construction with fabric-covered rod-actuated control surfaces. The pilot and gunner were protected with 9 mm (0.35 in) of armor. The taildragger landing gear was retractable, including the tailwheel.[1]

Operational history

Although 910 Su-2s were built by the time production was discontinued in 1942,[2] the aircraft was obsolete and underarmed by the start of the Great Patriotic War. In combat, the Su-2 ground attack aircraft squadrons suffered heavy losses against the Germans, with some 222 aircraft destroyed. From 1942, the Su-2 was withdrawn from the frontline and replaced by Ilyushin Il-2, Petlyakov Pe-2 and Tupolev Tu-2 bombers. The Su-2 was relegated to a training and reconnaissance role. However, due to a critical shortage of aircraft in early World War II, some Su-2s were used as emergency fighters.[1]

Loss rate comparison

Although the Su-2 has been criticized due to the number of losses it suffered, its loss rate compares favorably with other attack aircraft used by the Soviet Airforce in World War II.

Type Average number of missions flown before loss
Su-2 80
Pe-2 54
IL-2 (two seat) 26
A-20 19
IL-2 (single seat) 13

[3]

Variants


Su-2

Two-seat light bomber, reconnaissance aircraft. Original designation BB-1.

ShB (Russian: ШБ)

A proposed ground-attack version with an M-88A engine, modified landing gear which rotated 90° before retracting to the rear into the wings (like the American Curtiss P-40). Bombload was increased to 600 kg (1,235 lb). Created in 1940, the aircraft did not enter production due to availability of the Ilyushin Il-2.[1]

Su-4

An upgraded version, originally intended for the Urmin M-90 engine with 1,565 kW (2,100 hp), but later fitted with a Shvetsov M-82 (some Su-2s were also fitted with M-82). Due to a shortage of duralumin, the structural elements of the wings were made of wood with plywood skin. Wing armament was changed from four 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns to two 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine guns.[1] One prototype was built and tested, but this improved version was not placed into production.

Operators

 Soviet Union

Specifications (Su-2 with M-82)

Data from [1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 10.46 m (34 ft 4 in)
  • Wingspan: 14.3 m (46 ft 11 in)
  • Height: 3.75 m (12 ft 3 in)
  • Wing area: 29 m² (312 ft²)
  • Empty weight: 3,220 kg (7,100 lb)
  • Loaded weight: 4,700 kg (10,360 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 1,240 l (270 imp gal; 330 US gal)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Shvetsov M-82 radial engine, 1,044 kW (1,400 hp)

Performance

Armament

  • 6 × 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns (4 in the wings, 1 in rear turret, 1 in the hatch in the floor)
  • 10 × RS-82 rockets
  • 8 × RS-132 rockets
  • Up to 600 kg (1,320 lb) of bombs in the internal bomb bay and underwing hardpoints

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Related lists

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Shavrov V.B. (1994). Istoriia konstruktskii samoletov v SSSR, 1938–1950 gg. (3 izd.). Mashinostroenie. ISBN 5-217-00477-0.
  2. ↑ Sukhoi Museum
  3. ↑ Gordon, Yefim (1998–1999). Soviet combat aircraft of the Second World War. Khazanov, Dmitriĭ. Leicester: Midland. p. 77. ISBN 1857800842. OCLC 40494691.
  • Su-2 from WINGS PALETTE
  • Su-2 from Avia press
  • "Sukhoi Su-2". Sukhoi Company Museum. Archived from the original on 2006-04-28. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
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