Sternarchorhynchus

Sternarchorhynchus
Sternarchorhynchus retzeri, conventional and X-ray images
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Gymnotiformes
Family: Apteronotidae
Genus: Sternarchorhynchus
Castelnau, 1855

Sternarchorhynchus is a genus of ghost knifefishes found in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, as well as rivers in the Guianas, in tropical South America. They have a relatively long, downwards-pointed and tube-like snout. The adult males of some species have distinct teeth on the outside of the lower jaw, likely used in confrontations with other males.[1] The largest species reach up to 60 cm (2 ft) in total length, but most are less than half that size and the smallest only reach about 15 cm (1⁄2 ft).[1][2] They feed on invertebrates.[1]

Species

Sternarchorhynchus in an aquarium

There are currently 32 described species in this genus:[2]

  • Sternarchorhynchus axelrodi de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Axelrod’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz, 2000 (Britski’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus caboclo de Santana & Nogueira, 2006 (Cabocolo tube-snouted ghost knifefish )
  • Sternarchorhynchus chaoi de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Chao’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus cramptoni de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Crampton’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus curumim de Santana & Crampton, 2006 (Curumim tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus curvirostris (Boulenger, 1887)
  • Sternarchorhynchus freemani de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Freeman’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus galibi de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Galibi tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus gnomus de Santana & Taphorn, 2006 (Gnomus tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus goeldii de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Goeldi’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus hagedornae de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Hagedorn’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus higuchii de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Higuchi’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus inpai de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Inpa tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus jaimei de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Jamei’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus kokraimoro de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Kokraimoro tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus mareikeae de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Mareike’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus marreroi de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Marrero’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus mendesi de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Mendes’ tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus mesensis Campos-da-Paz, 2000 (Mesensis tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus montanus de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Montane tube-snouted ghost knifefish )
  • Sternarchorhynchus mormyrus (Steindachner, 1868)
  • Sternarchorhynchus oxyrhynchus (J. P. Müller & Troschel, 1849)
  • Sternarchorhynchus retzeri de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Retzer’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus roseni Mago-Leccia, 1994 (Rosen’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus schwassmanni de Santana & Vari, 2010
  • Sternarchorhynchus severii de Santana & Nogueira, 2006 (Severi’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus starksi de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Stark’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus stewarti de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Stewart’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus taphorni de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Taphorn’s tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus villasboasi de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Villasboas’ tube-snouted ghost knifefish)
  • Sternarchorhynchus yepezi de Santana & Vari, 2010 (Yepez’ tube-snouted ghost knifefish)

References

  1. 1 2 3 van der Sleen, P.; J.S. Albert, eds. (2017). Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas. Princeton University Press. p. 330. ISBN 978-0691170749.
  2. 1 2 Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2017). Species of Sternarchorhynchus in FishBase. October 2017 version.


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