Stephan Farffler

Stephan Farffler
Born 1633
Nuremberg, Germany
Died October 24, 1689 (aged 56)
Nationality German
Occupation Watchmaker, inventor

Stephan Farffler (1633 – October 24, 1689[1]), sometimes spelled Stephan Farfler, was a Nuremberg watchmaker of the seventeenth century whose invention of a manumotive carriage in 1655 is widely considered to have been the first self-propelled wheelchair. The three-wheeled device is also believed to have been a precursor to the modern-day tricycle and bicycle.[2]

Farffler, who was either a paraplegic[3][4] or an amputee,[5] also created a device for turning an hourglass at regular intervals and added chimes to the clocktower of Altdorf bei Nürnberg.[6]

Notes and references

  1. ↑ "A Brief History of the Tricycle". Retropedalcars.com. Retrieved 2012-12-02.
  2. ↑ "Medical Innovations - Wheelchair," Science Reporter, Volume 44, 2007, 397.
  3. ↑ Jane Bidder, Inventions We Use to Go Places (London: Franklin Watts, 2006, 18)
  4. ↑ Rory A. Cooper, Hisaichi Ohnabe, and Douglas A. Hobson, An Introduction to Rehabilitation Engineering (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007, 131
  5. ↑ Clive Richardson, Driving, the development and use of horse-drawn vehicles (B. T. Batsford, 1985, 136)
  6. ↑ Frederick James Britten et al., Britten's old clocks and watches and their makers (E. Methuen, 1973, 391)

See also

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