Stefan Żeromski

Stefan Żeromski
Żeromski in 1915
Born (1864-10-14)14 October 1864
Strawczyn, Kingdom of Poland
Died 20 November 1925(1925-11-20) (aged 61)
Warsaw, Poland
Pen name Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla, Stefan Iksmoreż
Occupation Writer
Nationality Polish
Notable works Przedwiośnie
Ludzie bezdomni
Popioły
Syzyfowe prace
Spouse Anna Zawadzka
Oktawia Radziwiłłowicz
Children Monika Żeromska
Adam Żeromski
Niewiadomski's 1900 portrait of Żeromski
Żeromski's house at Nałęczów
Memorial plaque at the Rapperswil Castle

Stefan Żeromski ( [ˈstɛfan ʐɛˈrɔmski] ( listen); 14 October 1864 – 20 November 1925) was a Polish novelist and dramatist. He was called the "conscience of Polish literature".[1] He also wrote under the pen names Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla and Stefan Iksmoreż. He was nominated four times for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[2]

Life

Stefan Żeromski was born on 14 October 1864 at Strawczyn, near Kielce.

On 2 September 1892, he married a widow, Oktawia Rodkiewiczowa, née Radziwiłłowiczówna, whom he had met at a spa in Nałęczów, co-owned by her stepfather. One of the witnesses at the wedding was the novelist Bolesław Prus, an admirer of Oktawia's who had not been in favor of the marriage.[3]

The newlyweds moved to Switzerland, where Żeromski worked as a librarian at the Polish National Museum in Rapperswil from 1892 to 1896. At Oktawia's request, Prus, though no admirer of Żeromski's writings,[4] provided the struggling couple with what help he could.

In 1913 Żeromski started a new family with the painter Anna Zawadzka, whom he had met in 1908; they had a daughter, Monika.

In 1924, in recognition of Żeromski's achievements, President Stanisław Wojciechowski gave him a three-room apartment on the second floor of Warsaw's Royal Castle.[5]

In the same year, Żeromski was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize in literature.[6]

He died on 20 November 1925 in Warsaw.

Works

  • Seedtime ("Przedwiośnie", published 1925)
  • The Labors of Sisyphus ("Syzyfowe prace"), about 19th- and 20th-century Tsarist efforts to russify the Russian-occupied part of Poland.
  • Ashes ("Popioły", 1902–3)
  • The Faithful River ("Wierna rzeka", 1912)
  • Ravens and Crows Will Peck Us to Pieces ("Rozdziobią nas kruki, wrony", 1895)
  • Homeless People ("Ludzie bezdomni", 1899)
  • The Wages of Sin ("Dzieje grzechu", 1908)
  • Elegy for a Hetman ("Duma o hetmanie")
  • Sułkowski (1910)
  • Journals ("Dzienniki", published posthumously between 1953-1956)
  • The Rose ("Róża", 1909)
  • Doctor Peter ("Doktor Piotr", 1895)
  • The Charm of Life ("Uroda życia", 1912)
  • Struggles with Satan ("Walka z szatanem")
  • Wind from the Sea ("Wiatr od morza", 1922)
  • My Quail Has Fled ("Uciekła mi przepióreczka", 1924)

Żeromski's works have been translated into several languages. They have been translated into Croatian by a member of the Croatian Academy, Stjepan Musulin.

As films

Several of his novels have been filmed by Walerian Borowczyk (Dzieje grzechu - A Story of Sin); Andrzej Wajda (Popioły - Ashes); and Filip Bajon (Przedwiośnie - The Spring to Come).

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Lublin Province Museum: Stefan Żeromski Archived 2011-08-15 at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ↑ "Nomination Database". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-04-19.
  3. ↑ Monika Piątkowska, Prus: Śledztwo biograficzne (Prus: A Biographical Investigation), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2017, ISBN 978-83-240-4543-3, p. 466.
  4. ↑ Monika Piątkowska, Prus: Śledztwo biograficzne (Prus: A Biographical Investigation), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2017, ISBN 978-83-240-4543-3, p. 358.
  5. ↑ Aleksander Gieysztor, Stanisław Herbst, Stanisław Lorentz, Władysław Tomkiewicz, Jan Zachwatowicz, Zamek Królewski w Warszawie (Warsaw's Royal Castle), Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1972, p. 173.
  6. ↑ Polish culture: The Stefan Żeromski Museum at www.culture.pl

References

  • Irena Kwiatkowska-Siemieńska, Stefan Żeromski. La nature dans son expériences et sa pensée (Stefan Żeromski: Nature in His Experiences and Thought), Préface de Jean Fabre, Professeur à la Sorbonne (Preface by Jean Fabre, Professor at the Sorbonne), Paris, Nizet, 1964 (256 pp.).
  • Mortkowicz-Olczakowa, Hanna (1961). Bunt wspomnień. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.

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