Sophy Gray (architect)

St Mark's Anglican Cathedral in George, which Gray designed

Sophy Gray or Sophia Gray (5 January 1814 – 27 April 1871), was a diocesan administrator, artist, architect, horsewoman and the wife of Cape Town bishop Robert Gray. Born 5 January 1814 at Easington in Yorkshire, the 5th daughter of county squire Richard Wharton Myddleton of Durham and Yorkshire, she died at Bishopscourt, Cape Town on 27 April 1871 and was buried in the graveyard of St Saviour's in Claremont. E. Hermitage Day wrote "the constant companion of (Robert Gray's) travels, the untiring amanuensis and accountant, the skilful designer of churches, the brightness and stay of his home life at Bishopscourt."[1]

England

Sophy and her two sisters were raised in an affluent family, owning estates in North Riding and Durham. They were well-read and proficient riders from an early age, qualities that helped foster their friendship with the young Robert Gray. Sophy married Robert Gray in 1836 after a six-month engagement, when he was rector of Whitworth, Durham. Their honeymoon gave young Sophy a taste of things to come when she and Robert set out on a lengthy horseback trip, visiting the family holdings in two counties. For nine years their lives at Old Park and Whitworth, and the urban parish of Stockton remained fairly untroubled, but all this changed dramatically when Robert was placed on a shortlist for one of three new colonial bishoprics. He was chosen for the Cape of Good Hope.

South Africa

In 1847 Sophy and Robert travelled to Cape Town where he was to establish a new colonial diocese, increase the number of clergy and establish new churches and schools. There were only ten Anglican churches in South Africa at that time. With his death 25 years later, this number had risen to 63. Having grown accustomed to the high standard of living enjoyed by bishops, including an episcopal palace, the Grays emigrated to the Cape with a retinue of servants, furniture and even an episcopal carriage.

The couple settled on the farm Boschheuvel, originally named Wijnberg and later renamed Bishopscourt, the original owner having been Jan van Riebeek, first Dutch Governor of the Cape. The farm lay on the slopes of Table Mountain, well-watered and with dense woodland. Here Sophy, using the old slave quarters, started a school for her five children and those of the community. Despite disliking social engagements, she kept open house to a constant stream of church officials and dignitaries, as well as managing Robert's diocese that included the Cape, Orange Free State, Natal and the islands of Tristan da Cunha and St. Helena.

Sophy Gray had brought along architectural plans of churches that could be adapted to the design of churches and schools for the new Anglican parishes that were to be established throughout South Africa. Both Sophy and her husband favoured the neo-Gothic style of church architecture which was fashionable in Britain at that time and advocated by the ecclesiologists, and disliked the Romanesque style. Even so, Sophy and Robert Gray felt that church design should not stick slavishly to the Early English Period, but should show some diversity.

She not only filled the role of architect, but kept records of the synods, their meetings and official ceremonies. She also kept records of correspondence and church chronicles. Being a competent horsewoman, she joined her husband on all but two of his extended trips. Her artistic skills were shown by the numerous water-colours and sketches she did, frequently used to illustrate her husband's journals. In all, the bishop would hardly have managed without her able assistance and knowledge. As if in recognition of her contribution, there is a stained glass window in St George's Cathedral, depicting her wearing a green riding habit and bonnet, though usually she wore a felt hat and plain riding dress, beneath which were close-fitting riding breeches of Chamois leather.

Capetonian Desmond Martin's doctoral thesis dealt with the churches established by the Grays. Of more than 50 churches built in South Africa during Robert Gray's bishopric, at least 40 were designed by Sophy. In 2005 Martin published a book titled "The Bishop's Churches" and illustrated with his water-colours and line drawings of her 40 churches, including St Paul's, Rondebosch, St Saviour's, Claremont, St Peter's, Plettenberg Bay, St James, Graaff-Reinet and St Jude's, Oudtshoorn.

Churches designed by Sophy Gray

ChurchTownYearLocation
St Paul's Church[lower-alpha 1]Eerste River, Western Cape184834°01′38″S 18°44′40″E / 34.027089°S 18.744493°E / -34.027089; 18.744493
St James' ChurchGraaff-Reinet184832°15′03″S 24°32′12″E / 32.25090°S 24.53671°E / -32.25090; 24.53671
St Paul's ChurchRondebosch, Cape Town184933°57′44″S 18°28′09″E / 33.962111°S 18.469283°E / -33.962111; 18.469283
St George's ChurchKnysna184934°02′07″S 23°03′01″E / 34.03536°S 23.05027°E / -34.03536; 23.05027
School ChapelBeaufort West184932°20′43″S 22°34′56″E / 32.345383°S 22.582288°E / -32.345383; 22.582288
Christ ChurchColesberg184930°43′11″S 25°05′51″E / 30.719813°S 25.097551°E / -30.719813; 25.097551
St Mark's ChurchGeorge184933°57′28″S 22°27′30″E / 33.95771°S 22.45844°E / -33.95771; 22.45844
Holy Trinity ChurchCaledon185034°13′54″S 19°25′39″E / 34.231650°S 19.427487°E / -34.231650; 19.427487
St Saviour's Church[lower-alpha 2]Claremont, Cape Town185033°59′02″S 18°27′54″E / 33.983850°S 18.464919°E / -33.983850; 18.464919
Holy Trinity ChurchBelvidere, Knysna185134°02′28″S 22°59′57″E / 34.041186°S 22.999063°E / -34.041186; 22.999063
St Peter's ChurchPietermaritzburg185129°36′17″S 30°22′34″E / 29.604722°S 30.376111°E / -29.604722; 30.376111
Christ Church[lower-alpha 3]Swellendam185234°01′20″S 20°26′27″E / 34.022280°S 20.440812°E / -34.022280; 20.440812
Christ ChurchBeaufort West185232°20′45″S 22°34′57″E / 32.3459194°S 22.5824806°E / -32.3459194; 22.5824806
St James the Great ChurchWorcester185233°38′45″S 19°26′42″E / 33.645867°S 19.444988°E / -33.645867; 19.444988
St John the Baptist ChurchLouvain Farm, Schoonberg near Herold185333°48′41″S 22°38′45″E / 33.811265°S 22.645788°E / -33.811265; 22.645788
All Saints ChurchSomerset East185432°43′01″S 25°35′09″E / 32.717056°S 25.585806°E / -32.717056; 25.585806
St Paul's Church[lower-alpha 4]North End, Port Elizabeth185433°56′43″S 25°35′23″E / 33.945341°S 25.589697°E / -33.945341; 25.589697
St Matthew's ChurchRiversdale, Western Cape185434°05′34″S 21°15′31″E / 34.092683°S 21.258495°E / -34.092683; 21.258495
School ChapelMossel Bay1855
St Andrew's Chapel[lower-alpha 5]Newlands, Cape Town185633°58′18″S 18°27′16″E / 33.971682°S 18.454575°E / -33.971682; 18.454575
Armstrong Memorial Chapel[lower-alpha 6]St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown185633°18′27″S 26°31′07″E / 33.307614°S 26.518481°E / -33.307614; 26.518481
St Peter's ChurchCradock185732°10′20″S 25°36′58″E / 32.172248°S 25.616006°E / -32.172248; 25.616006
Church of St Mary the VirginWoodstock, Cape Town185933°55′36″S 18°26′47″E / 33.926753°S 18.446460°E / -33.926753; 18.446460
All Saints ChurchBredasdorp185934°32′06″S 20°02′25″E / 34.535035°S 20.040180°E / -34.535035; 20.040180
St Andrew's ChapelCeres186033°22′10″S 19°18′39″E / 33.369509°S 19.310847°E / -33.369509; 19.310847
St Jude's ChurchOudtshoorn186033°35′15″S 22°12′11″E / 33.5875861°S 22.2031667°E / -33.5875861; 22.2031667
Constantia Chapel[lower-alpha 7]near Cape Town1860
All Saints ChapelDurbanville186033°50′05″S 18°38′58″E / 33.834707°S 18.649350°E / -33.834707; 18.649350
St Mary's ChurchRobertson186133°48′05″S 19°52′56″E / 33.801456°S 19.882262°E / -33.801456; 19.882262
St Thomas' Mission StationRondebosch, Cape Town186433°57′46″S 18°28′37″E / 33.962764°S 18.477080°E / -33.962764; 18.477080
St John's ChurchClanwilliam186432°10′44″S 18°53′34″E / 32.1788861°S 18.8928611°E / -32.1788861; 18.8928611
St Mark's Chapel[lower-alpha 8]District Six, Cape Town1865
St Patrick's ChurchUmzinto, KwaZulu-Natal186830°18′37″S 30°39′53″E / 30.310278°S 30.664608°E / -30.310278; 30.664608
St Augustine's Chapel[lower-alpha 9]Fraserburg186931°55′00″S 21°30′47″E / 31.916598°S 21.513118°E / -31.916598; 21.513118
St Luke's Mission Church[lower-alpha 10]Swellendam186934°01′13″S 20°26′40″E / 34.020183°S 20.444433°E / -34.020183; 20.444433
St John's ChurchVictoria West186931°24′13″S 23°06′45″E / 31.403668°S 23.112632°E / -31.403668; 23.112632
All Saints ChurchUniondale186933°39′22″S 23°07′42″E / 33.656098°S 23.128386°E / -33.656098; 23.128386
St Mildred's ChapelMontagu187033°47′13″S 20°07′02″E / 33.787002°S 20.117102°E / -33.787002; 20.117102
St Peter's ChurchPlettenberg Bay187934°03′16″S 23°22′29″E / 34.054481°S 23.374638°E / -34.054481; 23.374638
St Matthew's ChurchWillowmore188033°17′44″S 23°29′20″E / 33.295498°S 23.488919°E / -33.295498; 23.488919

See also

Notes

  1. St Paul's, Eerste River is closer to Faure
  2. St Saviour's, Claremont was demolished in 1904.[2]
  3. Christ Church, Swellendam was demolished and a new church built on the old foundations.[2]
  4. St Paul's, North End was demolished in 1959.[2]
  5. St Andrew's Chapel, Newlands is no longer in use as a church
  6. Armstrong Memorial Chapel was demolished in 1950.[2]
  7. Constantia Chapel was demolished in 1953[3]
  8. St Mark's Chapel, District Six was demolished in the 1960s.[2]
  9. St Augustine's Chapel has become an Afrikaans Protestant Church after the dissolution of the Anglican congregation.[4]
  10. St Luke's Mission Church, Swellendam is now used by the Old Apostolic Church.[2]

References

  1. Day 1930.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Sophy Gray Churches". Lu-Gerda's Travels. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
  3. Martin 2002, p. 192.
  4. van Rooyen, Morné (2015). "St Augustine's Church details". artefacts.co.za. Retrieved 2018-06-28.

  • Day, E. Hermitage (1930). Robert Gray: First Bishop of Cape Town. London: S.P.C.K.
  • Gutsche, Thelma (1970). The Bishop's Lady. H. Timmins.
  • Martin, Desmond (2002). The churches of Bishop Robert Gray & Mrs Sophia Gray : an historical and architectural review (Ph.D.). UCT. hdl:11427/10637.
  • Martin, Desmond (2005). The Bishop's Churches. Struik. ISBN 978-1-77007-155-1.
  • Potgieter, D. J., ed. (1972). Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa. vol. 5 For - Hun. Cape Town: Nasou. ISBN 978-0-625-00321-1.
  • Radford, Dennis John Charles (1979). The architecture of the Western Cape, 1838 1901. A study of the impact of Victorian aesthetics and technology on South African architecture (Ph.D thesis). Johannesburg: Dept of Arch. University of the Witwatersrand. p. 207. hdl:10539/18096.
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