Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty

Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese 中朝友好合作互助条约
Traditional Chinese 中朝友好合作互助條約
Korean name
Hangul 중조우호협력상호원조조약

The Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty is a treaty signed on July 11, 1961 between North Korea and the People's Republic of China.

Background

After the 1961 May 16 Coup, the new South Korean leader Park Chung-hee urged for an increase in military spending and for action to be taken against North Korea. The North Korean leadership feared a South Korean invasion and turned to the Soviet Union and China for support.[1]

Signing

Treaty signing in Beijing on July 11, 1961

The treaty was signed in Beijing and came into effect on September 10 of the same year.[2][3] Premier of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai and Prime Minister of North Korea Kim Il-sung signed for their respective countries.[4] The treaty generally promoted peaceful cooperation in the areas of culture, economics, technology and other social benefits between the two nations.[4] Specifically, Article 2 of the treaty declares the two nations undertake all necessary measures to oppose any country or coalition of countries that might attack either nation.[5]

The treaty remains in effect and automatically renews every 20 years, being renewed in 1981 and 2001.[4][6] The most recent renewal will remain in effect until 2021.[7][6] The right to cancel the Sino-North Korean Treaty can be invoked at specified five-year intervals, and each party must give advance notice of one year.[5]

Kim Il-sung arrived in Beijing in 1961 to sign the treaty just a few days after signing the North Korean-Soviet Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty (朝苏友好合作互助条约).[4] The Soviet treaty however has not been in effect since the 1990s; only a revised "consultation" treaty being re-adopted in 1999.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 「"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-07-18. Retrieved 2013-06-06. 北朝鮮と軍事同盟50年を祝う中国を侮るな」『MSN産経ニュース』, 18 July 2011, in Japanese. Alternative source:
  2. ↑ Cpc.people.com.cn. "Cpc.people.com.cn." 1961年7月11日 《中朝友好合作互助條約》在北京簽訂. Retrieved on 2010-05-30.
  3. ↑ CCTV.com. "CCTV.com." 中朝兩國關係發展的新契機. Retrieved on 2010-05-31.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Big5.ifeng.com. "Big5.ifeng.com Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine.." 鴨綠江水靜流淌：中朝60年紀事. Retrieved on 2010-05-30.
  5. 1 2 3 Harrison, Selig S. [2003] (2003). Korean endgame: a strategy for reunification and U.S. disengagement. p 322.
  6. 1 2 http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-not-obliged-to-defend-north-korea-from-an-attack
  7. ↑ Sina.com. "Sina.com." 兩韓緊張升級　中國角色難演. Retrieved on 2010-05-30.
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