Silva Arsia

Battle of Silva Arsia
Part of Overthrow of the Roman monarchy
Date28 February 508 BC[1]
LocationArsian grove, Latium
Result Decisive Roman Republic victory; solidifies dual rule in Rome, battle leads to a final victory of the Romans over Lucius Tarquinius Superbus in the Battle of Lake Regillus
Belligerents
Roman Kingdom Roman Republic
Commanders and leaders
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus Lucius Junius Brutus, Publius Valerius Publicola
Strength
unknown unknown
Casualties and losses
11,300 killed 11,299 killed [2]

The Silva Arsia was the forest near Rome situated where the Roman and Veientine territories abutted.[3] near Rome where Romans heard the prophetic voice of Silvanus in 509 BCE, foretelling their defeat of the Etruscans (Livy), 2.7.2). At the Battle of Silva Arsia that year the forces said to have been assembled by the Tyrrhenian Tarquin[4] were defeated, though with the loss, traditionally, of the Roman consul Lucius Junius Brutus.[5] The forest, rich in timber essential for shipbuilding, had been seized from the Etruscans of Veii by Ancus Martius.[6]

Since woodland was everywhere the province of Silvanus, there is no reason to connect the otherwise unknown Silva Arsia with the "forest of Silvanus [Silvanus luccus] outside the walls at a distance, all overgrown with a willow grove" noted in Plautus' Aulularia 674.[7]

Notes

  1. ↑ Plutarch, Life of Publicola 9.5
  2. ↑ Plutarch Life of Publicola, 9.5
  3. ↑ Dionysius of Halicarnassus 5.14-17 mentions in this context the sacred grove of a hero Horatus; in their notes on Livy 2.7.2, Charles Anthon and Hugh Craig minimized its extent as a forest: "It was probably nothing more than a sacred grove." (Anthon and Craig, eds.Titi Livi Ab Urbe Condita: libri I, II, XXI et XXII (New York, 1884:412);.
  4. ↑ "Though the battle of the Silva Arsia is mentioned so often as to deserve some credence, the part played by Tarquinii in the campaign cannot be treated seriously in the absence of evidence that its introduction is due to more than", Cambridge Ancient History 7 (1954:396).
  5. ↑ Livy, Ab urbe condita, 2.6-7
  6. ↑ Guglielmo Ferrero, Corrado Barbagallo, A Short History of Rome vol. 1 (1905:47).
  7. ↑ Yves Bonnefoy, Wendy Doniger, Roman and European Mythologies, s.v. "Silvanus".

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