Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah

NI
Shaista Ikramullah
شائستہ اکرام الله
Begum Shaista Ikramullah
Born (1915-07-22)22 July 1915
Calcutta, British India
(now India)
Died 11 December 2000(2000-12-11) (aged 85)
Karachi  Pakistan
Nationality Pakistani
Alma mater University of Calcutta (B.A)
SOAS, University of London (Ph.D)
Occupation Politician, Diplomat, Writer
Spouse(s) Mohammed Ikramullah
Children Inam Ikramullah
Naz Ikramullah
Salma Ikramullah
Sarvath Ikramullah
Honours Nishan-e-Imtiaz (2002)

Begum Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah (22 July 1915 – 11 December 2000) was a Pakistani Bengali politician, diplomat and author.[1] She was the first Muslim woman to earn a PhD from the University of London.[2] She was her country's ambassador to Morocco from 1964 to 1967, and was also a delegate to the United Nations.[1]

Family and education

Ikramullah was born as Shaista Akhtar Banu Suhrawardy.[3] Her mother was Nawab Abdul Latif's granddaughter, and her father was Hassan Suhrawardy.[1]

She studied at Loreto College, Kolkata.[4] She was also the first Muslim woman to earn a PhD from the University of London.[2] Her doctorate thesis, "Development of the Urdu Novel and Short Story", was a critical survey of Urdu literature.[5]

Marriage and children

She married Mohammed Ikramullah in 1933.[6] They had four children:[7]

Political career

After she was married, she was one of the first Indian Muslim women in her generation to leave purdah.[1] Muhammad Ali Jinnah inspired her to be involved in politics.[1] She was a leader in the Muslim Women Student's Federation and the All-India Muslim League's Women's Sub-Committee.[1]

In 1945, she was asked by the Government of India to attend the Pacific Relations Conference. Jinnah convinced her not to accept the offer, as he wanted her to go as the representative of the Muslim League and to speak on its behalf.[8]

She was elected to the Constituent Assembly of India in 1946, but never took the seat, as Muslim League politicians did not.[9][1]

She was one of two female representatives at the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan in 1947.[5]

She was also a delegate to the United Nations, and worked on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the Convention Against Genocide (1951).[1][9][4][10]

She was Pakistan's Ambassador to Morocco from 1964 to 1967.[5]

Publications

She wrote for Tehzeeb-e-Niswan and Ismat, both Urdu women's magazines, and later wrote for English-language newspapers.[1] In 1950 her collection of short stories, called Koshish-e-Natamaam, was published.[11] In 1951 her book Letters to Neena was published; it is a collection of ten open letters supposedly written to Indians, who are personified as a woman called Neena.[12] The real Neena was one of her in-laws.[12] After the Partition of India, she wrote about Islam for the government, and those essays were eventually published as Beyond the Veil (1953).[1] Her autobiography, From Purdah to Parliament (1963), is her best-known writing; she translated it into Urdu to make it more accessible.[1][13] In 1991 her book Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy: A Biography, about her uncle, was published.[13] She also was one of the eight writers of the book Common Heritage (1997), about India and Pakistan.[14] In her last days, she completed an English translation of Mirat ul Uroos and an Urdu volume on Kahavat aur Mahavray.[15] In 2005 her collection of women's sayings and idioms in Urdu, called Dilli ki khavatin ki kahavatain aur muhavare, was posthumously published.[1] She also wrote Safarnama, in Urdu.[13]

Death and tribute

She died on 11 December 2000, in Karachi, at age 85.[4] In 2002 the Pakistani government posthumously gave her its highest civil award, Nishan-i-Imtiaz.[16][4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bonnie G. Smith (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Oxford University Press. pp. 528–. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9.
  2. 1 2 Muneeza Shamsie (11 July 2015). And the World Changed: Contemporary Stories by Pakistani Women. Feminist Press at CUNY. pp. 6–. ISBN 978-1-55861-931-9.
  3. ↑ "jordan2". Royalark.net. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "NCRI Women's Committee - Women in History - 22 July". Women.ncr-iran.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  5. 1 2 3 Begum Shaista Ikramullah, Story of Pakistan, Retrieved 21 July 2106
  6. ↑ Nayantara Pothen (30 January 2012). Glittering Decades: New Delhi in Love and War. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 218–. ISBN 978-81-8475-601-2.
  7. ↑ Muhammad Ikramullah (2006-02-03). "Doc Kazi's collection by Muhammad Ikramullah". The Friday Times. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  8. ↑ "Paktribune".
  9. 1 2 Rachel Fell McDermott; Leonard A. Gordon; Ainslie T. Embree; Frances W. Pritchett; Dennis Dalton, eds. (15 April 2014). Sources of Indian Traditions: Modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Columbia University Press. pp. 574–. ISBN 978-0-231-51092-9.
  10. ↑ Status of the Convention Archived 24 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  11. ↑ Hussein, Aamer (29 December 2013). "COLUMN: Forgotten literary past".
  12. 1 2 M. Reza Pirbhai (27 May 2017). Fatima Jinnah. Cambridge University Press. pp. 143–. ISBN 978-1-107-19276-8.
  13. 1 2 3 "Begum Shaista Ikramullah - Former First Female Representative of the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan". 21 October 2013.
  14. ↑ Ṣiddīqī, Muḥammad ʻAlī; Ikramullah, Shaista Suhrawardy (13 February 1997). "Common Heritage". Oxford University Press – via Google Books.
  15. ↑ Begum Shaista
  16. ↑ Shaista S. Ikramullah: 1915-2000. (2008). Pakistan Horizon, 61(1/2), 27-28. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23726002
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