Seven Men of Moidart

Survivors of the beech trees known as the Seven Men of Moidart, in commemoration of Jacobite folklore.

The Seven Men of Moidart, in Jacobite folklore, were seven followers of Charles Edward Stuart who accompanied him at the start of his 1745 attempt to reclaim the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland for the House of Stuart. The group included English, Scots and Irish subjects of varying backgrounds linked mostly by their involvement in pro-Stuart intrigues. Although some had military experience, most of the men were relatively elderly by the standards of the time; some were already infirm and little suited to the rigours of campaigning.

The seven accompanied Charles on the French privateer Du Teillay, initially landing on Eriskay. The name is a reference to a later landing at Kinlochmoidart. In the early 19th century a row of beech trees was planted at Kinlochmoidart in commemoration of the events.[1]

List of the Men of Moidart

The Marquess of Tullibardine

William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine (1689-1746), eldest surviving son of the 1st Duke of Atholl and brother of Jacobite Lieutenant-General Lord George Murray, had been heavily involved in the risings of 1715 (following which he was attainted for treason) and 1719. During the 1745 rising, as the senior representative of the house of Atholl, he was chosen to unfurl Charles's standard at Glenfinnan on 16 August though his military activity was limited by gout. He was captured following the defeat at Culloden and imprisoned in the Tower of London: in very poor health at the time of his arrival, he died shortly afterwards.

John William O'Sullivan

Sir John William O'Sullivan (1700-c.1760) was an Irish professional soldier who, like many Irish Jacobites, had served in the French army. Service in Corsica had given him experience of irregular warfare. O'Sullivan was appointed the Jacobite army's Adjutant-General and Quartermaster-General and was an influential figure in the Jacobite Council. After the rebellion's failure, Scottish Jacobites were quick to blame O'Sullivan for "tactical ineptitude",[2] a view repeated by 19th century historians and into modern times. More recent scholarship has challenged this view, concluding that this reputation was entirely undeserved and that O'Sullivan was effective in the roles given to him.[3] He later wrote a narrative account of the rebellion.

Sir Thomas Sheridan

Sir Thomas Sheridan (c.1684-1746) was an Anglo-Irish Jacobite courtier who had previously been involved in the 1715 rising. Sheridan was the son of a former Chief Secretary for Ireland; his mother, Helen Appleby, was rumoured to be an illegitimate daughter of James II.[4] Having been appointed Charles Stuart's tutor, he had a close and trusting relationship with him and was a member of the Jacobite Council during the rebellion.[4] Following the Jacobite defeat at Culloden in April 1746, Sheridan escaped Scotland on the French privateer Mars: he had been in poor health for some time and died later that year at Rome.

James Francis Edward Stuart, the Jacobite pretender. Despite the rebellion being undertaken in his name, he intensely disliked one of Charles's companions (Strickland), seriously mistrusted at least one other (Kelly), and was angry with a third (Sheridan) for permitting Charles to become involved.

Sir John MacDonald

Sir John MacDonald, or Macdonnell, (d. aft. 1760) a French subject of Irish origin, was a cavalryman and veteran of the French Régiment de Fitz-James cavalerie.[3] MacDonald, said to be a relative of the 5th Earl of Antrim and a distant kinsman of the Scottish Clan Donald, served as the Jacobite Inspector-General of Cavalry during the rebellion.[3] He commanded the cavalry at Culloden, surrendered at Inverness, and was subsequently repatriated. He was criticised by Lord George Murray, whose memoir depicted him as "old and [...] much subject to his bottle";[5] as with O'Sullivan this depiction was a strong influence on 19th century accounts, which presented Charles's Irish-born advisors in a negative light. This view has also been reassessed, concluding that MacDonald was a competent officer.[3] The experience seems to have influenced him to the degree he subsequently signed his name using the Scottish spelling "MacDonald".[6] He also left a narrative account of the rebellion, which has been described as "disarmingly frank about his own limitations".[6]

Francis Strickland

Colonel Francis Strickland (1691-1746) was an English Roman Catholic from an old Westmorland family, the Stricklands of Sizergh Castle, who were longstanding Stuart loyalists. He had been involved in the 1715 rising and had some Continental military experience. Strickland later came to the Jacobite court at Rome: Charles's father James regarded him as a poor influence and on finding he had accompanied the expedition to Scotland attempted to have him dismissed. Strickland was taken ill on the march through Scotland and was left at Carlisle: following its retaking by the government he seems to have claimed to be a French subject,[7] but died there on 1 January 1746.[8] James later wrote a letter to Charles describing the deaths of Strickland and Sheridan as "a manifest call from heaven for you to [...] rescue yourself from such hands".

George Kelly

The Rev. George Kelly (1688-1762) was an Irish nonjuring Protestant clergyman, born in County Roscommon. He attended Trinity College Dublin. In 1722 he was involved in the pro-Stuart Atterbury Plot; he was arrested, forfeited his estates, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London at the King's pleasure, before later escaping. In 1736 a memoir of his experiences was published by Edmund Curll.[9] He was said to be distrusted by James[10] and to have had little understanding of the situation in England but was brought by Charles for his management of the rebels' propaganda efforts.[11] He drafted the Manifesto issued by Charles early in the rebellion. Kelly, described by Charles's biographer McLynn as "one of the few truly evil men among the Jacobites",[12] was sent back to France to report on the Jacobite victory at the Battle of Prestonpans and did not return to Scotland. To James's dismay he continued to serve as Charles's secretary. He was said to have died at Avignon in October 1762.[11]

Aeneas MacDonald

Aeneas MacDonald (d.1770) was a Paris-based Scottish banker. He was the son of Ranald MacDonald of Kinlochmoidart and the younger brother of the Donald MacDonald of Kinlochmoidart who played a prominent role in the rebellion as Charles's ADC. Aeneas MacDonald was responsible for arranging much of the initial funding, though later presented himself as a reluctant participant in the expedition who only accompanied them in order to exert influence on his brother. Captured after Culloden, he was initially sentenced to death but was instead exiled. He wrote a memoir of the rebellion which was among those reproduced by Robert Forbes. MacDonald returned to France; a commonly cited, though erroneous, tradition states that he was killed during the French Revolution.

Other conspirators

Contrary to some relations of the folklore, it appears that a number of other people of lower social rank accompanied the conspirators. Some accounts cite the presence of Duncan Buchanan, a clerk for Aeneas MacDonald who acted as a Jacobite agent and messenger, instead of O'Sullivan.

References

  1. ↑ The Seven Men of Moidart, Historic Environment Scotland
  2. ↑ MacInnes, A. (1996) Clanship, commerce and the House of Stuart, 1603-1788, Tuckwell, p.202
  3. 1 2 3 4 Reid, S. (2012) The Scottish Jacobite Army 1745–46, Bloomsbury, p.30
  4. 1 2 Geoghegan, V. Sheridan, Sir Thomas, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  5. ↑ Thomson (ed) (1846) Memoirs of the Jacobites of 1715 and 1745, R. Bentley, p.134
  6. 1 2 McDonnell, H. (1996) The Wild Geese of the Antrim MacDonnells, IAP, p.102
  7. ↑ "List of those stiling themselves French officers, taken at Carlisle, 1745", The Gentlemans' Magazine, XVI, 24
  8. ↑ Gooch, L. (1995) The Desperate Faction: the Jacobites of North-East England, 1688-1745, University of Hull Press, pp.168-9
  9. ↑ Fritz, P. (1975)The English Ministers and Jacobitism between the Rebellions of 1715 and 1745, University of Toronto Press
  10. ↑ Stevenson, W. (1968) The Jacobite Rising of 1745, Longmans, p.36
  11. 1 2 G. H. "George Kelly" in The European Magazine, and London Review v40 (Nov. 1801), 329
  12. ↑ Zimmerman, D. (2003) The Jacobite Movement in Scotland and in Exile, 1746-1759, p.200
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