Scilla

Squill
Siberian Squill (Scilla siberica)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Monocots
Order:Asparagales
Family:Asparagaceae
Subfamily:Scilloideae
Genus:Scilla
L.
Synonyms[1]
  • Stellaris Fabr.
  • Stellaster Heist. ex Fabr
  • Lilio-Hyacinthus Ortega
  • Epimenidion Raf.
  • Ioncomelos Raf.
  • Lagocodes Raf.
  • Oncostema Raf.
  • Tractema Raf.
  • Genlisa Raf.
  • Chionodoxa Boiss.
  • Nectaroscilla Parl.
  • Adenoscilla Gren. & Godr.
  • Basaltogeton Salisb.
  • Hylomenes Salisb.
  • Monocallis Salisb.
  • Othocallis Salisb.
  • Petranthe Salisb.
  • Rinopodium Salisb.
  • Caloscilla Jord. & Fourr.
  • × Chionoscilla J.Allen ex Nicholson
  • Apsanthea Jord. in C.T.A.Jordan & J.P.Fourreau
  • Autonoe (Webb & Berthel.) Speta
  • Chouardia Speta
  • Pfosseria Speta
  • Schnarfia Speta

Scilla (/ˈsɪlə/; Squill)[2] is a genus of about 50 to 80[3] bulb-forming perennial herbs in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae,[4] native to woodlands, subalpine meadows, and seashores throughout Europe, Africa and the Middle-East. A few species are also naturalized in Australia, New Zealand and North America.[1][5][6] Their flowers are usually blue, but white, pink, and purple types are known; most flower in early spring, but a few are autumn-flowering.

Systematics

Scilla has most recently been classified as belonging to the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae; the subfamily was formerly treated as a separate family, Hyacinthaceae.[7] Prior to that it was placed in the Hyacintheae tribe of the Liliaceae family.

The precise number of Scilla species in the genus depends on which proposals to split the genus are accepted. For a discussion of the relationship of Scilla to the closely related genus, Chionodoxa, see that page. Other proposals separate particularly the Eurasian species into a number of smaller genera such as Othocallis Salisb., e.g. Scilla siberica would become Othocallis siberica.

Several African species previously classified in Scilla have been removed to the genus Ledebouria. The best known of these is the common houseplant still sometimes known as Scilla violacea but now properly Ledebouria socialis.

Species

As of May 2018, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 86 species:[3]

  1. Scilla achtenii De Wild.
  2. Scilla africana Borzì & Mattei
  3. Scilla albanica Turrill
  4. Scilla albinerve Yildirim & Gemici
  5. Scilla alinihatiana Aslan & Yildirim
  6. Scilla amoena L. – Star squill, star hyacinth
  7. Scilla andria Speta
  8. Scilla antunesii Engl.
  9. Scilla arenaria Baker
  10. Scilla arsusiana Yildirim & Gemici
  11. Scilla begoniifolia A.Chev.
  12. Scilla benguellensis Baker
  13. Scilla berthelotii Webb & Berthel.
  14. Scilla bifolia L. – Alpine squill
  15. Scilla bilgineri Yildirim
  16. Scilla bithynica Boiss. – Bithynian squill
  17. Scilla bussei Dammer
  18. Scilla chlorantha Baker
  19. Scilla ciliata Baker
  20. Scilla cilicica Siehe
  21. Scilla congesta Baker
  22. Scilla cretica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Speta
  23. Scilla cydonia Speta
  24. Scilla dimartinoi Brullo & Pavone
  25. Scilla dualaensis Poelln.
  26. Scilla engleri T.Durand & Schinz
  27. Scilla flaccidula Baker
  28. Scilla forbesii (Baker) Speta syn. Chionodoxa forbesii
  29. Scilla gabunensis Baker
  30. Scilla gracillima Engl.
  31. Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel.
  32. Scilla hildebrandtii Baker
  33. Scilla huanica Poelln.
  34. Scilla hyacinthoides L.
  35. Scilla ingridiae Speta
  36. Scilla jaegeri K.Krause
  37. Scilla katendensis De Wild.
  38. Scilla kladnii Schur
  39. Scilla kurdistanica Speta
  40. Scilla lakusicii ?ilic
  41. Scilla latifolia Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
  42. Scilla laxiflora Baker
  43. Scilla ledienii Engl.
  44. Scilla leepii Speta
  45. Scilla libanotica Speta
  46. Scilla lilio-hyacinthus L. – Pyrenean squill
  47. Scilla litardierei Breistr., syn. Chouardia litardierei, Scilla amethystina, Scilla pratensis, Scilla albanica, Scilla italica – Amethyst meadow squill, Dalmatian scilla
  48. Scilla lochiae (Meikle) Speta
  49. Scilla luciliae (Boiss.) Speta
  50. Scilla lucis Speta
  51. Scilla madeirensis Menezes – Madeiran squill
  52. Scilla melaina Speta
  53. Scilla merinoi S.Ortiz
  54. Scilla mesopotamica Speta
  55. Scilla messeniaca Boiss.
  56. Scilla mischtschenkoana Grossh., syn. Scilla tubergeniana – Tubergen squill
  57. Scilla monanthos K.Koch
  58. Scilla monophyllos Link
  59. Scilla morrisii Meikle
  60. Scilla nana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Speta
  61. Scilla odorata Link
  62. Scilla oubangluensis Hua
  63. Scilla paui Lacaita
  64. Scilla peruviana L. – Portuguese squill, corymbose squill, Cuban lily
  65. Scilla petersii Engl.
  66. Scilla platyphylla Baker
  67. Scilla ramburei Boiss.
  68. Scilla reuteri Speta
  69. Scilla rosenii K.Koch
  70. Scilla sardensis (Whittall ex Barr & Sayden) Speta
  71. Scilla schweinfurthii Engl.
  72. Scilla seisumsiana Rukšans & Zetterl.
  73. Scilla siberica Haw. – Siberian squill
  74. Scilla simiarum Baker
  75. Scilla sodalicia N.E.Br.
  76. Scilla tayloriana Rendle
  77. Scilla textilis Rendle
  78. Scilla uyuiensis Rendle.
  79. Scilla vardaria Yildirim & Gemici
  80. Scilla verdickii De Wild.
  81. Scilla verna Huds. – Spring squill
  82. Scilla villosa Desf.
  83. Scilla vindobonensis Speta
  84. Scilla voethorum Speta
  85. Scilla welwitschii Poelln.
  86. Scilla werneri De Wild.

Formerly included

Scilla peruviana

Scilla peruviana is of interest for its name; it is a native of southwest Europe, not of Peru. When Carl Linnaeus described the species in 1753, he was given specimens imported from Spain aboard a ship named Peru, and was misled into thinking the specimens had come from that country. The rules of botanical naming do not allow a scientific name to be changed merely because it is potentially confusing.

Cultivation and uses

Many species, notably S. siberica, are grown in gardens for their attractive early spring flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 Scilla L., Sp. Pl.: 308 (1753), Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book (1995), Leisure Arts, pp. 606–607, ISBN 0376038519
  3. 1 2 WCSP (2018), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2018-05-09 , search for "Scilla"
  4. ↑ Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Scilloideae
  5. ↑ Flora of North America, Scilla Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 308. 1753, efloras.org
  6. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Scilla includes European distribution maps
  7. ↑ Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 132–136, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x
  • Elizabeth Lawrence. The little bulbs: a tale of two gardens. Duke University Press, 1986 ISBN 0-8223-0739-1 ISBN 978-0-8223-0739-6
  • Plantzafrica.com
  • ZipCodeZoo
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