Saunders-Roe SR.A/1

SR.A/1
TG263 on the water
Role Flying boat fighter
Manufacturer Saunders-Roe
First flight 16 July 1947
Retired 1951
Status Experimental
Primary user Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment
Number built 3

The Saunders-Roe SR./A.1 was a prototype flying boat fighter aircraft designed and built by Saunders-Roe. It was tested by the Royal Air Force shortly after World War II.

Design and development

The SR./A.1 was directly inspired by the (modest) successes experienced by the Imperial Japanese Navy with seaplane fighters such as the Nakajima A6M2-N (an adaptation of the Mitsubishi Zero) and the Kawanishi N1K. In theory, seaplanes were ideally suited to conditions in the Pacific theatre, and could turn any relatively calm area of coast into an airbase. Their main disadvantage came from the way in which the bulk of their floatation gear penalised their performance compared to other fighters.

Saunders-Roe realised that the new turbojet engine presented an opportunity to overcome this drawback. Not requiring clearance for a propeller, the fuselage could sit lower in the water and use a flying boat-type hull. The company first presented their idea – SR.44 -to the Air Ministry in mid-1943. Performance with Halford H.1 engines was estimated at 520 mph at 40,000 ft. Criticism of the design included the wing thickness/chord ratio which was considered by the Ministry to be too high for a high-speed fighter operating at altitude.[1] The design was modified and specification E.6/44 was raised in April 1944 on the modified design[1] with an accompanying development contract for three prototypes in May 1944.[2]

With the end of the war, Saunders-Roe concentrated its efforts on the Saunders-Roe Princess long-range civilian flying boat project, and development of the fighter slipped behind.

The first prototype, piloted by Geoffrey Tyson, flew on 16 July 1947,[3] and while it and its two sisters proved to have good performance and handling — Tyson made a demonstration of aerobatics and inverted flight at the 1948 SBAC Display[4] — the need for such aircraft had completely evaporated with the end of the war. Furthermore, the success of the aircraft carrier in the Pacific had demonstrated a far more effective way to project airpower over the oceans, though Saunders-Roe argued that carriers and their escorts were still very vulnerable to aircraft or other vessels.[4] In addition, the cockpit canopy was small and heavily framed, giving the pilot a poor view outside the aircraft. An automatic mooring system was incorporated so that the pilot could moor the aircraft without external aid or leaving the cockpit.[4] A fundamental problem was that production of the Beryl engine had ceased when Metropolitan-Vickers had withdrawn from jet engine development, and only a limited number of engines was available. The project was suspended and the prototype put into storage in 1950. It was briefly resurrected in November 1950, after the outbreak of the Korean War, before the realisation that it was obsolete compared with land-based fighters, together with the inability to solve the engine problem, forced a final cancellation. The prototype flew for the last time in June 1951.[5][6]

The two SR./A.1 prototypes were fitted with the first two production Martin-Baker ejection seats built.

Although the aircraft never received an official name, it was referred to by company workers as "Squirt".[3]

P.121 Hydro-ski naval fighter

Saunders-Roe came up with a design with skis — which Flight called the "Saunders Roe Hydroski" — to bring its performance closer to land-based aircraft. It was designated project P.121.[7]

As the project "received no official support" the company decided on 29 January 1955 not to proceed with constructing a prototype.[8] [9]

Operators

 United Kingdom

Survivors

TG263 at Solent Sky in 2011

The first prototype, serial number TG263, has been preserved and is on display at Solent Sky aviation museum in Southampton. Both other aircraft (TG267 and TG271) were lost in accidents during the four-year flight test programme.

Specification (SR/A.1)

Data from British Flying Boats [10]

General characteristics

  • Crew: one
  • Length: 50 ft 0 in (15.24 m)
  • Wingspan: 46 ft 0 in (14.02 m)
  • Height: 16 ft 9 in (5.11 m)
  • Wing area: 415 ft² (38.6 m²)
  • Empty weight: 11,262 lb (5,108 kg)
  • Loaded weight: 16,000 lb (7,273 kg)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Metropolitan-Vickers Beryl MVB.2 turbojets, 3,850 lbf (17.2 kN) each

Performance

Armament

  • Guns: 4x 20 mm Hispano Mk 5
  • Bombs: 2x 1000 lb (455 kg) bombs or rockets

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Related lists

Notes

  1. 1 2 Buttler, Tony (2004). British secret projects: fighters and bombers, 1935–1950. Leicester: Midland. pp. 206–207. ISBN 9781857801798.
  2. ↑ Mason 1992, p. 352.
  3. 1 2 London 2003, p. 233.
  4. 1 2 3 King, H. F. (14 December 1950). "Water-based Fighters: An Outline History and a Survey of Modern Possibilities". Flight. 58 (2186): 551–555.
  5. ↑ London 2003, pp. 235–237.
  6. ↑ "British Aircraft, 1951". Flight. 60 (2224): 288. 7 September 1951. Tests with the Beryl-powered S.R./A.1 continue
  7. ↑ Buttler.British Secret Projects : Jet Fighters since 1950, Page 240.
  8. ↑ Buttler.British Secret Projects : Jet Fighters since 1950, Page 243.
  9. ↑ King, H. F. (25 June 1954). "Military Aircraft 1954". Flight. 65 (2370): 828.
  10. ↑ London 2003, pp. 262–263.

References

  • Buttler, Tony (2017). British Secret Projects : Jet Fighters since 1950 ( 2nd edition) (Hardback)|format= requires |url= (help). Manchester: Crecy Publishing. ISBN 978-1-910-80905-1.
  • London, Peter. British Flying Boats. Stroud, UK:Sutton Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0-7509-2695-3.
  • Mason, Francis K.The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, Maryland, USA:Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55750-082-7.
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