Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies

Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
Italian: Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento
Motto L'eccellenza come disciplina
Motto in English
 Committed to excellence
Type State-supported
Established 1987 from previously existing institutions
Rector Prof. Pierdomenico Perata
Administrative staff
 82
Students 1,652 (including people attending masters)
Undergraduates 232
342
Location Pisa, Italy
Colours Blue and Red         
Website

The Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies (Italian: SSSA, Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna) is a special-statute public university located in Pisa, Italy, operating in the field of applied sciences.

The rector is Pierdomenico Perata, elected on 8 May 2013 after the resignation of Maria Chiara Carrozza, when she became Member of Parliament and Minister of Education, Universities and Research.

Since January 2014 the School has been presided over by Yves Mény. The former president was Giuliano Amato, a former prime minister of Italy and currently judge of the Constitutional Court.[1][2] The Sant'Anna is part of the Pisa University System, together with the Scuola Normale Superiore and the University of Pisa.

It is one of the three officially sanctioned special-statute universities in Italy i.e. it has 'university status', being part of the process of Superior Graduate Schools in Italy (Grandes écoles)[3] or Scuola Superiore Universitaria.[4]

History

The present-day Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies is the descendant of several institutions modeled on the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. The Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, also known in Italian as Scuola Normale (English: Normal School), is a higher learning institution in Pisa, Italy. It was founded in 1810, by Napoleonic decree, as a branch of the École Normale Supérieure of Paris.

The school, whose origins, in the context of the Pisa university reality, are rooted in the Collegio Medico-Giuridico already attached to the Scuola Normale Superiore and the Collegio ‘Antonio Pacinotti, and was formally established by the Law of 14 February 1987, No. 41, which marked the unification of the Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Law (7 March 1967), No. 117, and the Conservatorio di Sant’Anna, the Royal Decree of 13 February 1908 No. LXXVIII.[5]

Origins of Sant'Anna

View of Sant'Anna Church within the courtyard of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
  • Sant'Anna Church and Convent

The present-day site is acquired from a very ancient religious educational establishment. The Sant'Anna Church and Convent was established in 1406, while the church was finished in 1426, by the Order of the Benedictine Nuns (OSB).

  • Conservatorio di Sant'Anna

In 1785, the Conservatorio di Sant'Anna was initiated by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor as a consequence of abolition of the religious orders due to Leopold's reforms; the convent was suppressed in 1786.

  • Conservatorio di Sant'Anna, an educational institution; later under the tutelage of the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Italy and the Italian Republic.
  • Sant'Anna replaced Antonio Pacinotti in 1987, when the School gained its current headquarters. In 1987 the Benedictine Nuns dedicated the Sant'Anna Church and Convent to the Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e Perfezionamento (previously the Collegio Medico-Giuridico of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa),[6] provided the School carried the name of Sant'Anna.[7][8][9][10][11][12]
  • The origins of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies within Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa: the Scuola Normale Superiore was founded in 1810 by Napoleonic decree, as twin institution of the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, itself dating back to the French Revolution jurisdiction. The term “École Normale” (“Scuola Normale”) was coined by Joseph Lakanal who, in submitting a report to the National Convention of 1794 on behalf of the Committee of Public Instruction, explained it thus: “Normales: du latin norma, règle. Ces écoles doivent être en effet le type et la règle de toutes les autres.”[13][14]
  • The Decree of Foundation - Napoleon I rethought the project of an École Normale in 1808, by establishing a Normale Hall of Residence in Paris to house young students and train them in the art of teaching the humanities and sciences. The project was replicated in Tuscany by a decree dated 18 October 1810, with the foundation in Pisa, seat of one of the Imperial University academies, of a branch of the Paris-based École Normale Supérieure, "Scuola Normale Superiore".[7][13]
  • The Grand-Duchy Period: 1847-1859 - on 28 November 1846, a grand-ducal motu proprio founded a Tuscan Scuola Normale in Pisa (also referred to as the Imperial Royal Scuola Normale, as it was linked to the Austrian system), with both theoretical and practical aims, under the patronage of the Order of Saint Stephen, but depending on the University of Pisa.[8][13]
  • The Scuola Normale during the Kingdom of Italy: 1859-1862 - on 17 October 1862 the Minister of Education of the Kingdom of Italy Carlo Matteucci implemented new regulations in a decree that transformed the institution to the Normal School of the Kingdom of Italy, which was to have an organic division between the faculties of Arts and Sciences.[8][13]
  • The Scuola Normale under Gentile: 1928-1943 - philosopher Giovanni Gentile, was placed at the head of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa as commissioner in 1928 and as director in 1932. He reformed the Scuola, gave it formal autonomy and sought an expansion to other disciplines, with the creation of the Collegio Mussolini per le Scienze Corporative (1931), and the Collegio Nazionale Medico (1932). The new colleges were later merged to form the Collegio Medico-Giuridico,[6] which continued to operate (in the fields of Law and Medicine) under the jurisdiction of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.[7][8][9][10][11][12]
  • Post-war Period - Scuola Normale Superiore in 1951, established the Antonio Pacinotti boarding school i.e. Collegio ‘Antonio Pacinotti, reserved to students of the faculties of Agriculture, Economics and Engineering, with plans to be further opened to other faculties.
  • The origins of present-day structure of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies: the present structure of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies was established in 1967 as Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e Perfezionamento, by a merger of the Collegio Antonio Pacinotti (Scuola per le Scienze Applicate A. Pacinotti; founded 1951), and the Collegio Medico-Giuridico of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.[5] The new institution, committed to the model established by the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, was administered by the University of Pisa.[7][8][9][10][11][12][15][16]
  • Establishment of the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies; Law of 14 February 1987 No. 41 - Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna. In 1987 Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies acquired complete independence (Law of 14 February 1987, No.41)[5][15][16] and maintains strong ties with both the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and the University of Pisa, creating the Pisa University System.[7][8][9][10][11][12]

The present-day structure

Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and the University of Pisa create the Pisa University System. The Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies has been given separate university status by the Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (Italy) and together with Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa is leading the model of Scuole di Eccellenza, i.e. Superior Graduate School in Italy (Grandes écoles)[3][17]

Organization

View of the courtyard of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies: main gate

Students are admitted after passing public national and international competitions. Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies offers to those who decide to take excellence, a multi-disciplinary approach to learning, research, and internationalization.

As for its statute, the aims of Sant'Anna school of advanced studies are:[18]

  • To promote the development of culture, scientific and technological research, and innovation;
  • To offer quality undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education;
  • To ensure high-quality studies through the ongoing interaction of research and instruction.

The mission of the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies is to pave innovative pathways in education and research, responding to the modernization and innovation of society itself. This mission is pursued through the valorization of the autonomy and flexibility that characterize the Sant'Anna School and that derive from its status as an autonomous university by special statute.[19]

Academics and research

Students are admitted after passing public national and international competitions. The fields of study and research are:

Social Sciences Class
Experimental Sciences Class

Undergraduate programs

Potential under graduates undergo a rigorous public examination, and only the very best are creamed off to combine their Pisa University studies with the extra options available at Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, thus these students are called Honors College Students. Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna is also integrated with the Scuola Normale Superiore and Honors College Students are free to attend courses provided by departments other than their own, as well as those provided by the Scuola Normale Superiore.[11]

As of 2014, 50 freshmen are admitted per year, equally divided between the Class of Social Sciences and the Class of Experimental Sciences. The School offers all of its services free of charge; students also receive a small monthly income. While attending the Pisa University courses, the Honors College Students (allievi) live in the school's college. Students have to achieve a high average grade in university exams (at least 27/30) and attend internal courses (including 2 foreign language classes) taught by professors and researchers working at the School, both as an integration and as an extension to the regular academic schedule.[11]

Graduate programs

The School also offers graduate courses such as master and doctoral programmes, provided by its research laboratories and joint ventures with foreign universities, leading enterprises and international organizations.

Doctoral programs (PhD)

The first institution in Italy to create a doctoral program (PhD) was Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa in 1927 under the historic name "Diploma di Perfezionamento".[13][20] Research doctorates or PhD (Italian: Dottorato di ricerca) in Italy were introduced with law and Presidential Decree in 1980 (Law of February 21, 1980, No. 28 and the Presidential Decree No. 382 of 11 July 1980), referring to the reform of academic teaching, training and experimentation in organisation and teaching methods.[21][22]

Hence, the Superior Graduate Schools in Italy (Grandes écoles)[3] (Italian: Scuola Superiore Universitaria),[4] also called Schools of Excellence (Italian: Scuole di Eccellenza)[3][23] such as Scuola Normale Superiore and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies still keep their reputed historical "Diploma di Perfezionamento" PhD title by law[20][24] and MIUR Decree.[25][26]

The Doctoral Programmes[24][25] at Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies grant Diploma di Perfezionamento, a degree fully equivalent to a PhD and are recognized International Doctoral Programmes involving various forms of collaboration and joint ventures with foreign universities.[24]

Post-doctoral education and research

There are also worldwide important international corporations and industrial partners that are closely linked to Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, such as: the nearby Piaggio where there are special Sant'Anna Laboratories at the Polo Sant'Anna Valdera (PSAV),[27][28] which contributes to the industrial process, Leonardo, Fiat (Centro Ricerche Fiat), Telecom Italia, Marconi Communications, Ericsson Research, Deutsche Telekom, Mistubishi Electric Corporation, Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd, etc.

Polo Sant'Anna Valdera (PSAV)[29] is a research center of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies based in Pontedera (Pisa). It was inaugurated in 2002 thanks to the interest of the then president of Piaggio, Giovanni Alberto Agnelli. The property is housed in converted sheds donated by Piaggio.[30] The main research is in the fields of robotics, bioengineering, biotechnology, precision engineering, computing and virtual environments. Polo Sant'Anna Valdera (PSAV) has 25 offices, 4 classrooms for teaching, 7 laboratories, 20 rooms, all six thousand square meters. There currently employs about hundred people. The most important project in these laboratories is a bionic hand for people to have an upper limb amputee.[31] The ARTS Lab - Advanced Robotics Technology and System, created the famous breakthrough in the field of bio-robotics with the so-called CYBER HAND, shown on CNN International's Vital Signs Life Hand report. Sant'Anna also undertakes many international projects which are tied to the European Commission, the Government of Italy and its ministries, as well as regional projects of the Region of Tuscany and the Province of Pisa. The school maintains a number of research laboratories, some of which are located at the National Research Council (CNR) whose largest research center is in Pisa.

In the framework of the bilateral cooperation between Italy and China i.e. the Office of Chinese Language Council International (HanBan), Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna hosts the third Italian Confucius Institute.

Research Institutes:[32]

Laboratories and research centers

Management
  • MAIN - Management & Innovation Laboratory
  • [MeS Lab - Management and Health Laboratory
  • SUM LAb - Sustainability Management
Economics
  • LEM - Laboratory of Economics and Management
  • CAFED - Centre for the Analysis of Financial and Economics Dynamics
  • EZ-Lab - Center for Research on the technology and support services for the Longevity
Laws
  • LIDER - International and Comparative Law Research Laboratory
  • STALS -Sant’Anna Legal Studies
  • Research Centre on Social, Juridical and Human Rights Sciences
Political Science
  • CDG Laboratory - International Research Laboratory on Conflict, Development and Global Politics
  • ITPCM - International Training Programme for Conflict Management
  • Iran Electoral Archive
Engineering
  • ARTS Lab - Advanced Robotics Technology and System, which created the famous breakthrough in the field of bio-robotics with the so-called CYBER HAND, shown on CNN International's Vital Signs Life Hand report
  • CRIM Lab - Center of Research In Microengineering
  • RoboCasa, the Italy-Japan joint laboratory for Research on Humanoid and Personal Robotics
  • Joint Lab Italy - Korea
  • CEIICP - Centre of Excellence for Information, Communication and Perception Engineering. The Centre is a result of a joint venture in the telecommunications sector between the Sant'Anna School and Marconi Communications SpA (now Ericsson). In partnership with CNIT (National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications), the two parties signed an agreement for the creation of a research centre for photonic networks and technologies, thus realizing through CEIICP a unique example of synergy in Italy.
  • IRCPHONET - Integrated Research Centre for Photonic Networks and Technologies
  • RETIS lab - Real-Time Systems Laboratory
  • PERCRO - Perceptual Robotics
Agrobiociences
  • Land Lab – Agriculture, Environment and Landscape
  • BIOLABS - BIOlogical LABoratorieS
  • PLANT LAB - Plant and Crop Physiology
Medicine
  • Laboratory of Medical Science
  • European Transplantation Management Centre - Research Centre on E-TX-MAN organ and tissue detection, donation and transplant and related

Partner universities and international agreements

Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies has signed international agreements with respected partner universities around the globe.[35][36]

World rankings

University rankings
Global
ARWU World[37] 201-300
Times World[38] 180
Regional
Times Europe[38] 50

As part of the Pisa University System, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies is small and elite, specialised only in applied sciences. The Academic Ranking of World Universities puts Pisa University System at the 1st place in Italy (National Rank # 1) and within the best 30 universities in Europe.[39]

In 2016 Times Higher Education World University Rankings the 150 Under 50 Rankings 2016, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies is ranked #10 in the world.[40] As for 2015-16 rankings, Times Higher Education World University Rankings puts Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies at 180th place in the world, 90 place in Europe and 2nd in Italy, and Scuola Normale Superiore 112 place in the world, 50 place in Europe and 1st in Italy.[38][41][42] According to Times Higher Education World University Rankings, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies is in top 20% in teaching, industry income and citations in the world, and Scuola Normale Superiore is in top 10% in teaching and top 20% in research on global level.[38][41] Also, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies together with Scuola Normale Superiore are named as leading institutions in Italy's six top higher education institutes by Times Higher Education World University Rankings, where for 2014-2015 was ranked at 63rd place in the world and 15th in Europe.[43]

Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies has been mapped by Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings as one of the most important educational institutions in Italy (section on Italy i.e. Top universities and specialisms ),[44][45] having its Graduate/Postgraduate Profile.[46]

For 2016 the QS World University Rankings has ranked Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies in the subject categories economics and econometrics on world stage at # 201. As far as the rankings in the faculty category is concerned, it is ranked on world stage at # 385 for engineering and technology.[47]

The Scimago Institution Ranking are based on the SCOPUS bibliometric database, featuring thirteen performance indicators of, innovation and web visibility. The following are some of Sant'Anna Schools best results at the world and national level:[50][51]

World The official agency of the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), the Agenzia nazionale di valutazione del sistema universitario e della ricerca (ANVUR) ranks Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies the best small university for 2013 in Italy (National Rank # 1).[52][53][54][55][56][57]

The European Research Ranking, a ranking based on publicly available data from the European Commission database puts Pisa University System among the best in Italy and best performing European research institutions .[58]

La Voce, published a ranking of Italian universities by h-index, where Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies acquires the first (#1) place in Italy.[59]

Notable alumni and faculty

Giuliano Amato
Antonio Cassese
Enrico Letta
Maria Chiara Carrozza

Faculty and alumni of note include:

See also

Notes and references

  1. ↑ "Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  2. ↑ Giuliano Amato nuovo presidente della Scuola Sant'Anna at Il Tirreno
  3. 1 2 3 4 "ResearchItaly - Pagina di transizione". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  4. 1 2 "Italy's big six form network for elite", Times Higher Education by Paul Bompard, 18 February 2000.
  5. 1 2 3 Statuto della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna in Gazzetta Ufficiale (in Italian); 28 December 2011 (in Italian)
  6. 1 2 La Normale nella Repubblica: Collegio medico-giuridico della Normale diventa il primo nucleo della attuale Scuola di studi universitari e di perfezionamento Sant'Anna (in Italian)
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Nicola Bellini, Nadio Delai (a cura di), Merito, Ambizione, Collegialità: il contributo della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna alla formazione della classe dirigente, ETS, Pisa, 2009 (in Italian)
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nicola Bellini, Nadio Delai (a cura di), Merito, Ambizione, Collegialità: il contributo della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna alla formazione della classe dirigente, ETS, Pisa (2009) (in Italian)
  9. 1 2 3 4 Gianluca Breghi, Elisa Neri (a cura di), La chiesa e il monastero di Sant'Anna in Pisa: sede della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Bandecchi & Vivaldi, Pontedera, 2002 (in Italian)
  10. 1 2 3 4 Silvia Alessi, L'educazione del cuore e la formazione del carattere:vita collegiale della giovine al Conservatorio di Sant'Anna in Pisa. 1860-1920, ETS, Pisa (2006) (in Italian)
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Guide for International Students, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, II Edition, 2011; accessed 28 February 2014.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Dino Satriano, 'Dove crescono i talenti. Viaggio nella Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa', Felici Editore (2010) (in Italian); accessed 28 February 2014.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Student Guidebook - Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa website Archived 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine. (in Italian); accessed 28 February 2014.
  14. ↑ Écoles de l'an III, bretagne.ens-cachan.fr/version-francaise; (in Italian) accessed 28 February 2014 (in French)
  15. 1 2 L. 14 febbraio 1987, n. 41 Istituzione della Scuola superiore di studi universitari e di perfezionamento S. Anna di Pisa
  16. 1 2 Università in Italia, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (in Italian), accessed 28 February 2014.
  17. ↑ Official website (in Italian); accessed 28 February 2014.
  18. ↑ Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
  19. ↑ Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Statute
  20. 1 2 "404 - Pagina non trovata - Scuola Normale Superiore" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  21. ↑ Law of February 21, 1980, No. 28 Archived November 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  22. ↑ "Decreto Presidente Repubblica 11 luglio 1980, n. 382". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  23. ↑ "Scuole - Scuole di Eccellenza". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  24. 1 2 3 Article 3 of the Law of 14 February 1987, No.41 | L. 14 febbraio 1987, n. 41 Istituzione della Scuola superiore di studi universitari e di perfezionamento S. Anna di Pisa
  25. 1 2 Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) Decree
  26. ↑ Università in Italia, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR)
  27. ↑ La mano bionica che 'parla' con il cervello, corriere.it; accessed 27 February 2014.
  28. ↑ DustBot, il vero WALL•E, il robot spazzino; (in Italian) accessed 28 February 2014.
  29. ↑ Brochure Polo Sant’Anna Valdera (PSV)
  30. ↑ "Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  31. ↑ La mano bionica che 'parla' con il cervello, corriere.it; accessed 28 February 2014.
  32. ↑ "Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  33. ↑ Institute of Managementat at Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Archived January 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  34. ↑ "Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna - Istituto TeCIP". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  35. ↑ Partner institutions & International agreements of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
  36. ↑ "Relazioni internazionali - Scuola Normale Superiore". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  37. ↑ http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2018.html
  38. 1 2 3 4 Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2015-2016 / Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna
  39. ↑ "World University Rankings 2013-2014". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  40. ↑ Times Higher Education World University Rankings-150 Under 50 Rankings 2016
  41. 1 2 Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2015-2016 / Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
  42. ↑ Times Higher Education World University Rankings data reveal the top 200 universities in Europe / Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna
  43. ↑ "Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2014-2015". Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  44. ↑ "Marketplace : Error". Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  45. ↑ Article "Top ten things to do while studying abroad in... Italy" in Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings Archived 2010-12-28 at the Wayback Machine.
  46. ↑ "Marketplace : Error". Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  47. ↑ QS World University Rankings, 2016
  48. ↑ "Invest your Talent in Italy” programme by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and by the Italian Ministry for Economic Development
  49. ↑ "Marketplace : Error". Archived from the original on 25 December 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  50. ↑ Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Rankings
  51. ↑ SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR),2016
  52. ↑ "Classifica degli Atenei italiani: bene Unifi, Unipi e Sant'Anna di Pisa - StampToscana". StampToscana. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  53. ↑ "Il rapporto Anvur premia l'eccellenza della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna - AIRI :: Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Industriale". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  54. ↑ Rapporto finale, Le Università al top: Piccole strutture (pdf), Agenzia nazionale di valutazione del sistema universitario e della ricerca (ANVUR), 30 Giugno 2013
  55. ↑ "Rapporto Finale GEV e ANVUR". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  56. ↑ "Rapporto Finale GEV e ANVUR". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  57. ↑ Rapporto finale PDF - Agenzia nazionale di valutazione del sistema universitario e della ricerca (ANVUR), 30 Giugno 2013
  58. ↑ "ResearchRanking.org: European Research Ranking - ranking". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  59. ↑ "RICERCA PER INDICE H". Lavoce.info. 16 December 2008. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  60. ↑ Antonio Maccanico - Parlamento italiano, Camera dei deputati
  61. ↑ Giovanni Pieraccini-Fondazione di Studi Storici 'Filippo Turati'
  62. ↑ "senato.it - Scheda di attività di Giovanni PIERACCINI - VI Legislatura". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  63. ↑ "senato.it - Scheda di attività di Carlo SMURAGLIA - XIII Legislatura". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  64. 1 2 "Nasce il governo Letta, ora la fiducia Il premier: "Sobria soddisfazione" - Corriere.it". Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  65. ↑ "Vittorio Grilli vice ministro Economia". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  66. ↑ "Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  67. ↑ "- Bruegel.org". Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  68. ↑ "undefined undefined undefined undefined: Executive Profile & Biography - Businessweek". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  69. ↑ "organi". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  70. ↑ Nicoletta Batini at IDEAS/RePEc
  71. ↑ Giovanni Dosi CV
  72. ↑ "Homepage Profesor Stefan C. Collignon". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  73. ↑ "Top Italian Scientists". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  74. ↑ "Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  75. ↑ "Real-Time Systems". springer.com. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  76. ↑ IEEE Technical Committee on Real-Time Systems

Coordinates: 43°43′13.23″N 10°24′10.34″E / 43.7203417°N 10.4028722°E / 43.7203417; 10.4028722

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