Romanization of Korean (North)

Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in North Korea proclaimed by the Sahoe Kwahagwŏn to replace the older McCune–Reischauer system since 1992,^[1]^[2] last updated in 2002.^[2]

Transcription rules

Vowels

Hangul	ㅏ	ㅐ	ㅑ	ㅒ	ㅓ	ㅔ	ㅕ	ㅖ	ㅗ	ㅘ	ㅙ	ㅚ	ㅛ	ㅜ	ㅝ	ㅞ	ㅟ	ㅠ	ㅡ	ㅢ	ㅣ
Romanization	a	ae	ya	yae	ŏ	e*	yŏ	ye	o	wa	wae	oe	yo	u	wŏ	we	wi	yu	ŭ	ŭi	i

Consonants

Hangul		ㄱ	ㄲ	ㄴ	ㄷ	ㄸ	ㄹ	ㅁ	ㅂ	ㅃ	ㅅ	ㅆ	ㅇ	ㅈ	ㅉ	ㅊ	ㅋ	ㅌ	ㅍ	ㅎ
Romanization	Initial	k	kk	n	t	tt	r	m	p	pp	s	ss	-	j	jj	ch	kh	th	ph	h
Romanization	Final	k		n	t	-	l	m	p	-	t		ng	t	-	t	k	t	p

Double consonants in the end of a word or in front of a consonant, only one of them is written:

닭섬 → Taksŏm
물곬 → Mulkol

However, in the case before a vowel, both consonants are written:

붉은바위 → Pulgŭnbawi
앉은바위 → Anjŭnbawi

The soft voiceless consonants between vowels ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ and those between resonant sounds and vowels are transcribed as g, d, and b.

Examples

천리마 → Chŏllima
한나산 → Hallasan
압록강 → Amrokgang
은률 → Ŭnryul
뒤문 → Twinmun

Guide

A personal name is written by family name first, followed by a space and then the given name with the first letter capitalized. And each letter of the name of Chinese character origin is written separately.

김꽃분이 → Kim Kkotpuni
박동구 → Pak Tong Gu
안복철 → An Pok Chŏl

A name for administrative units are hyphenated from the placename proper:

도 → -do
시 → -si
군 → -gun
면 → -myŏn

리 → -ri
동 → -dong
구 → -gu
구역 → -guyŏk

However, a name for geographic features and artificial structures are not hyphenated:

산 → san
거리 → gŏri
고개 → gogae
대 → dae

봉 → bong
교 → gyo
골 → gol
각 → gak

벌 → bŏl
관 → gwan
곶 → got
강 → gang

References

↑ "Working Paper No. 46" (PDF). UNGEGN. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
1 2 "Updates to the report on the current status of United Nations romanization systems for geographical names" (PDF). UNGEGN. Retrieved 2018-03-17. In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea there is a national system adopted in 1992 and presented to the 17th session of UNGEGN in 1994, updated version was published in 2002²⁰.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] "Working Paper No. 46" (PDF). UNGEGN. Retrieved 2018-03-17.

[UNGEGN2004-2] 1 2 "Updates to the report on the current status of United Nations romanization systems for geographical names" (PDF). UNGEGN. Retrieved 2018-03-17. In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea there is a national system adopted in 1992 and presented to the 17th session of UNGEGN in 1994, updated version was published in 2002²⁰.