Reticulitermes

Reticulitermes
Reticulitermes flavipes
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Isoptera
Infraorder: Isoptera
Family: Rhinotermitidae
Subfamily: Heterotermitinae
Genus: Reticulitermes
Holmgren, 1913
Species

Reticulitermes flavipes
Reticulitermes hageni
Reticulitermes hesperus
Reticulitermes malletei
Reticulitermes nelsonae
Reticulitermes virginicus
Reticulitermes urbis
Reticulitermes grassei
Reticulitermes banyulensis
Reticulitermes lucifugus
Reticulitermes balkanensis
Reticulitermes clypeatus
Reticulitermes chinensis
Reticulitermes guangzhouensis
Reticulitermes kanmonensis
Reticulitermes leptomandibularis
Reticulitermes khaoyaiensis
Reticulitermes amamianus
Reticulitermes miyatakei
Reticulitermes okinawanus
Reticulitermes speratus
Reticulitermes yaeyamanus
Reticulitermes arenicola

Synonyms

Maresa Giebel, 1856

Reticulitermes is a termite genus in the family Rhinotermitidae.[1]

Distribution

In Europe

Reticulitermes flavipes (former santonensis) is found in western France, Reticulitermes grassei in southwestern France, northwestern and southern Spain and Portugal, Reticulitermes banyulensis in the Roussillon region of France and Reticulitermes lucifugus in the Provence region.[2] The subspecies, Reticulitermes lucifugus corsicus is found in Corsica and Sardinia. Reticulitermes urbis, a newly described species is found in urban zones in the southeast of France[3] (Marseille in the west to Italy in the east).

In Asia

Reticulitermes clypeatus is found in Middle East.
Reticulitermes lucifugus is found in Turkey.
Reticulitermes chinensis, Reticulitermes guangzhouensis, Reticulitermes leptomandibularis and Reticulitermes khaoyaiensis are found in China.
Reticulitermes kanmonensis Korea, China and Japan.
Reticulitermes amamianus, Reticulitermes speratus, Reticulitermes miyatakei, Reticulitermes okinawanus and Reticulitermes yaeyamanus are found in Japan.
Reticulitermes arenicola is found in India.
Reticulitermes speratus is also found in all place in South Korea [4][5]

In North America

The eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes) is the most widely distributed termite found in the eastern United States. R. flavipes is commonly found in southern Ontario, and is found in all the eastern states including Texas, extending as far south as Mexico City and as far west as Arizona, with likely accidental introductions on the west coast of the US.

Other termites found there are the dark southeastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes virginicus) and the light southeastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes hageni). These are less important economically (such as in damage to crops) because of their more limited range.

Other termites species are found: Reticulitermes hesperus in California; Reticulitermes malletei in Mississippi; Reticulitermes nelsonae in Louisiana and Florida.[6]

Long-lived termite queens

The extended longevity of social insect queens is of interest because it implies the presence of an anti-aging mechanism. Long-lived queens of Reticulitermes speratus have markedly less oxidative damage to their DNA than non-reproductive individuals (workers, soldiers and nymphs).[7] Queens have more than twice the catalase activity and seven times higher levels of expression of the catalase gene RsCAT1 than workers, soldiers and nymphs.[7] Catalase catalyzes the decomposition the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide, and protects against oxidative stress. It appears that the extended longevity of R. speratus queens is partially explained by their efficient antioxidant capability.

References

  1. ↑ "GENUS Reticulitermes". UniProt. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  2. ↑ Biosystematics of Reticulitermes termites in Europe: morphological, chemical and molecular data. J.-L. Clément, A.-G. Bagnères, P. Uva, L. Wilfert, A. Quintana, J. Reinhard and S. Dronnet, Insectes Sociaux, 2001, Volume 48, Number 3, pages 202-215, doi:10.1007/PL00001768
  3. ↑ Leniaud, L., Dedeine, F., Pichon, A., Dupont, S., Bagneres, A.G., (2010). Geographical distribution, genetic diversity and social organization of a new European termite, Reticulitermes urbis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Biological Invasions 12, 1389-1402. doi:10.1007/s10530-009-9555-8
  4. ↑ Kim, M.J., Choi, Y.S., Lee, J., Kim, J.J., Kim, G.H., (2012). Molecular Characteristics of Subterranean Termites of the genus Reticulitermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) From Korea. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 105, 97-102.doi:10.1603/AN11078
  5. ↑ Park, Y.C., Kitade, O., Schwarz, M., Kim, J.P., Kim, W., (2006). Intraspecific molecular phylogeny, genetic variation and phylogeography of Reticulitermes speratus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae). Molecules and Cells 21, 89-103.
  6. ↑ Austin, J.W., Bagneres, A.G., Szalanski, A.L., Scheffrahn, R.H., Heintschel, B.P., Messenger, M.T., Clement, J.L., Gold, R.E., (2007). Reticulitermes malletei (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae): a valid nearctic subterranean termite from eastern North America. Zootaxa, 1-26. (PDF) http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/z01554p026f.pdf. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. 1 2 Tasaki E, Kobayashi K, Matsuura K, Iuchi Y (2017). "An Efficient Antioxidant System in a Long-Lived Termite Queen". PLoS ONE. 12 (1): e0167412. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167412. PMC 5226355. PMID 28076409.


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