Randy Wayne (biologist)

Randy Wayne
Born (1955-05-08) May 8, 1955
Boston, MA United States
Residence Ithaca, NY, United States
Nationality American
Alma mater U. Mass. BA 1977
UCLA Masters 1979[1]
U. Mass. PhD 1985[1]
Scientific career
Fields Biophysical Plant Cell
Institutions Cornell[2][3]
Doctoral advisor Peter K. Hepler
Website Randy Wayne at Cornell

Randy O. Wayne is a plant cell biologist at Cornell University[4] notable for his work on plant development.[5] In particular, along with his colleague Peter K. Hepler, Wayne established the powerful role of calcium in regulating plant growth;[6][7] accordingly, their 1985 article Calcium and plant development was cited by at least 405 subsequent articles to earn the "Citation Classic" award from Current Contents magazine[8] and has been cited by hundreds more since 1993. He is an authority on how plant cells sense gravity through pressure,[5][9][10] on the water permeability of plant membranes,[11] light microscopy,[12] as well as the effects of calcium on plant development.[8][13] He wrote two textbooks including Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology[14][15] and Light and Video Microscopy.[16]

In 2010, Wayne proposed a theory of light[17] that is inconsistent with relativity.[18][19][20][21]

Career

Wayne joined the faculty at Cornell University in 1987. He has a deep interest in teaching science [22][23] and teaches Plant Cell Biology and Light and Video Microscopy. He has taught a course for nonmajors entitled, Biological Principles [24] and subsequently taught a course for nonmajors entitled, Light and Life. Wayne is a member of the Biology and Society major, which is designed for students who wish to combine training in biology with perspectives from the social sciences and humanities to understand the scientific, social, political, and ethical aspects of modern biology.

Fern Spore Germination

When it was generally assumed that fern spores contained all the ions necessary for germination,[25] Wayne, working with Peter K. Hepler, showed that external calcium ions were necessary for the red light-stimulated, phytochrome-mediated signal transduction chain that leads to the germination response of the spores of Onoclea sensibilis.[26][27][28] Calcium ions are required for the red light-stimulated, phytochrome-mediated signal transduction chains that lead to germination in the spores of other species.[29][30]

Water Permeability of Plant Cell Membranes

It was generally considered that water moved in and out of the plant cell through the lipid bilayer. Wayne, working with Masashi Tazawa,[31] presented most of the now classical arguments favoring membrane water channels and clearly demonstrated their major contribution to osmotic water transport.[32] Wayne's work preceded the molecular identification of aquaporins in plant cells.[33][34][35]

Gravity Sensing in Plant Cells

It is generally believed that the sedimentation of starch-containing plastids, known as amyloplasts, is responsible for gravity-sensing in plant cells.[36] However, based on the facts that plant cells that do not contain sedimenting amyloplasts still sense gravity[37][38][39][40] and that starchless mutants in higher plants are almost as sensitive to gravity as the wild-type plants,[41][42] Wayne, working with Mark P. Staves and A. Carl Leopold proposed that the amyloplasts do not act as gravity sensors, but as a ballast to enhance the gravitational pressure sensed by proteins at the plasma membrane–extracellular matrix junction.[43][44][45]

Books

  • Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology, 2009, Elsevier/Academic Press. ( ISBN 9780123742339)
  • Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology, Second Edition, 2019, Elsevier/Academic Press. ( ISBN 9780128143711)
  • Light and Video Microscopy, 2009, Elsevier/Academic Press. ( ISBN 9780080921280)
  • Light and Video Microscopy, Second Edition, 2014, Elsevier/Academic Press. ( ISBN 9780124114845)

Podcasts

  • Mann Library Book Talk Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology[46]
  • Mann Library Book Talk Light and Video Microscopy [47]

References

  1. 1 2 "Randy O Wayne (faculty biography)". Cornell University Department of Plant Biology. 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-06-28. Bachelor's Degree Univ Massachusetts 1977 Master's Degree U Cal Los Angeles 1979 Doctorate Univ Massachusetts 1985
  2. ↑ Sean T. Hammond and Karl J. Niklas (10 January 2012). "Computer simulations support a core prediction of a contentious plant model". American Journal of Botany. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
  3. ↑ Randy O. Wayne, in Ithaca Journal on August 4, 2011, Cornell decision to ax courses steps on academic freedom — Ithaca Journal, Retrieved Aug. 26, 2014, "...we question Cornell’s commitment to the concept of academic freedom.."
  4. ↑ "Where is the Freedom to Question?". American Institute for Technology and Science Education. 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
  5. 1 2 "SCIENCE WATCH; Telling Up From Down". The New York Times. 1992. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
  6. ↑ V. Raghavan (1989). "Developmental Biology of Fern Gametophytes". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33022-0. Retrieved 2012-06-28. Direct demonstration of an increased Ca2+ influx in the spore following exposure to a saturating dose of red light has been possible by atomic absorption spectroscopy (Wayne and Hepler, 1985a).
  7. ↑ "A Basic Distinction (in the Breakthroughs Section)". Discover Magazine. November 1992. Volume 13, Number 11
  8. 1 2 "This Week's Citation Classic" (PDF). Current Contents. July 26, 1993. Retrieved 2012-06-28. The SCI® indicates that this paper has been cited in more than 405 publications -- Hepler P K & Wayne R O. Calcium and plant development. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 36:397-439. 1985. -- Department of Botany, University of Massachusetts. Amherst. MA
  9. ↑ Boyce Rensberger (July 13, 1992). "Getting to the Root Of Plant Growth; How Seeds Sprout in the Proper Direction". Washington Post.
  10. ↑ Elison B. Blancaflor and Patrick H. Masson (December 2003). "Update on Tropisms: Plant Gravitropism. Unraveling the Ups and Downs of a Complex Process". Plant Physiology. pp. 1677–1690. Retrieved 2012-06-28. Vol. 133 Citing this article: Staves MP, Wayne R, Leopold AC (1997) The effect of external medium on the gravitropic curvature of rice (Oryza sativa, Poaceae) roots. Am J Bot 84:1522–1529
  11. ↑ Christophe Maurel (June 1997). "AQUAPORINS AND WATER PERMEABILITY OF PLANT MEMBRANES". Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. Retrieved 2012-06-28. Vol. 48: 399-429; DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.399
  12. ↑ Randy Wayne (August 2008). "Light and Video Microscopy". Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-374234-6. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
  13. ↑ Roux, S. J., Wayne, R. O. and Datta, N. (1986), Role of calcium ions in phytochrome responses: an update. Physiologia Plantarum, 66: 344–348. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb02430.x
  14. ↑ Plant cell biology. From astronomy to zoology, R Wayne, 2009, Elsevier/Academic Press. Reviewer: Nigel Chaffey, 2010, Plant cell biology. From astronomy to zoology (textbook review), Retrieved Aug. 26, 2014, "...Plant cell biology is an idiosyncratic text and permeated throughout with Wayne's own humour and take on the subject..."
  15. ↑ Nigel Chaffey (reviewer of Wayne's book) (August 4, 2010). "Plant cell biology. From astronomy to zoology". Annals of Botany. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
  16. ↑ Carol Bayles (April 2010). "Let There be Light (review of Randy Wayne's book Light and Video Microscopy)". BioScience. Retrieved 2012-06-28. Volume 60 No. 4 BioScience ...excellent undergraduate level text on optical microscopy for biologists... also valuable to anyone using a light microscope ... An ability to elucidate difficult concepts is not the only thing that makes Wayne an excellent teacher. He is also a historian of science and has thoroughly researched the topic in order to bring historical information to the reader.
  17. ↑ Randy Wayne, "Nature of Light from the Perspective of a Biologist. What Is a Photon?", In: Mohammad Pessarakli (ed.), Handbook of Photosynthesis, CRC Press, 2016, ISBN 1482230755, pp. 17-43
  18. ↑ Dan Veaner (October 15, 2010). "Cornell Scientist Challenges Einstein". Lansing Star. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
  19. ↑ "Electrons can't exceed the speed of light -- thanks to light itself, says biologist". Chronicle Online. Nov 18, 2010. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
  20. ↑ Randy Wayne, 18 Mar 2011, arXiv:1103.3697 (physics.gen-ph), Charged Particles are Prevented from Going Faster than the Speed of Light by Light Itself: A Biophysical Cell Biologist's Contribution to Physics, Retrieved Aug. 26, 2014, "...Consequently, light itself prevents charged particles from moving faster than the speed of light..."
  21. ↑ Randy Wayne (Nov 20, 2015). "As Time Goes By and Albert Einstein. Do the Fundamental Things Still Apply?". The Lansing Star. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
  22. ↑ Mazhar, Tajwar. "Prof's Book Blurs Boundaries between Sciences". Cornell Daily Sun November 4, 2009.
  23. ↑ Wayne, Randy and Staves, Mark P. (2008). "Model Scientists". Communicative & Integrative Biology. 1: 97–103.
  24. ↑ Newkirk, Zach (2011). "Freedom to Teach at Cornell" (PDF). Cornell Progressive. 11 (4): 1, 5.
  25. ↑ Raghavan, V (1980). "Cytology, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Germination of Fern Spores". International Review of Cytology. 62: 69–118.
  26. ↑ Wayne, Randy and Hepler, Peter, K. (1984). "The Role of Calcium Ions in Phytochrome-mediated germination of spores of Onoclea sensibilis L." Planta. 160: 12–20.
  27. ↑ Wayne, Randy and Hepler, Peter K. (1985). "Red Light Stimulates and Increase in Intracellular Calcium in the Spores of Onoclea sensibilis". Plant Physiology. 77: 8–11.
  28. ↑ Wayne, Randy and Hepler, Peter K. (1985). "The Atomic Composition of Onoclea sensibilis Spores". American Fern Journal. 75: 12–18.
  29. ↑ Iino, Moritoshi, Endo, Masami and Wada, Masamitsu (1989). "The Occurrence of a Ca2+-Dependent Period in the Red Light-induced Late G1 Phase of Germinating Adiantum Spores" (PDF). Plant Physiology. 91: 610–616.
  30. ↑ Dürr, S. and Scheuerlein, Robert (1990). "Characterization of a Calcium-Requiring Phase during Phytochrome-mediated Fern-Spore Germination of Dryopteris paleacea Sw". Photochemistry and Photobiology. 52: 73–82.
  31. ↑ Wayne, Randy and Tazawa, Masashi (1990). "Nature of the Water Channels in the Internodal Cells of Nitellopsis". Journal of Membrane Biology. 116: 31–39.
  32. ↑ Maurel, Christophe (1997). "Aquaporins and Water Permeability of Plant Membranes". Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 48: 399–429. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
  33. ↑ Kaldenhoff, R., Bertl, A., Otto, B., Moshelion, M. and Uehlein, N. (2007). "Characterization of Plant Aquaporins". Methods in Enzymology. Methods in Enzymology. 428: 505–31. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(07)28028-0. ISBN 9780123739216. PMID 17875436.
  34. ↑ Kammerloher, W., Fischer, U., Piechottka, G.P. and Schäffner, A.R. (1994). "Water Channels in the Plant Plasma Membrane Cloned by Immunoselection from a Mammalian Expression System". Plant J. 6 (2): 187–99. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1994.6020187.x. PMID 7920711.
  35. ↑ Maeshima, M. (2001). "Tonoplast Transporters: Organization and Function". Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 52 (1): 469–497. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.469. PMID 11337406.
  36. ↑ Morita, Miyo T. (2010). "Directional Gravity Sensing in Gravitropism" (PDF). Annual Review of Plant Biology. 61: 705–720.
  37. ↑ Wayne, Randy, Staves, Mark P. and Leopold, A. Carl (1995). "Detection of Gravity-Induced Polarity of Cytoplasmic Streaming in Chara". Protoplasma. 188: 38–48.
  38. ↑ Wayne, Randy and Staves, Mark P. (1996). "A Down-to-Earth Model of Gravisensing or Newton's Law of Gravitation from the Apple's Perspective". Physiologia Plantarum. 98: 917–921.
  39. ↑ Wayne, Randy, Staves, Mark P. and Leopold, A. Carl (1992). "The Contribution of the Extracellular Matrix to Gravisensing in Characean Cells" (PDF). Journal of Cell Science. 101: 611–623.
  40. ↑ Wayne, Randy, Staves, Mark P. and Leopold, A. Carl (1997). "The Effect of the External Medium on the Gravity-Induced Polarity of Cytoplasmic Streaming in Chara corallina (Characeae)" (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 84: 1516–1521.
  41. ↑ Casper, Timothy and Pickard, Barbara G. (1989). "Gravitropism in a Starchless Mutant of Arabidopsis: Implications for the Starch-Statolith Theory of Gravity Sensing". Planta. 177: 185–197.
  42. ↑ Weise, Sean E. and Kiss, John H. (1999). "Gravitropism of Influorescence Stems in Starch-Deficient Mutants of Arabidopsis". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 160: 521–527.
  43. ↑ "Telling Up from Down". New York Times. June 9, 1992. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
  44. ↑ Rensberger, Boyce (July 13, 1992). "Getting to the Root of Plant Growth; How Seeds Sprout in the Proper Direction". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
  45. ↑ Wayne, Randy, Staves, Mark P. and Leopold, A. Carl (1997). "The Effect of the External Medium on the Gravitropic Curvature of Rice (ORYZA SATIVA, POACEAE) Roots" (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 84: 1522–1529.
  46. ↑ Wayne, Randy. "Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology". YouTube. Albert R. Mann Library, Cornell University. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  47. ↑ Wayne, Randy. "Light and Video Microscopy". YouTube. Albert R. Mann Library, Cornell University. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
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