Quantum threshold theorem
In quantum computing, the (quantum) threshold theorem (or quantum fault-tolerance theorem), proved by Michael Ben-Or and Dorit Aharonov (along with other groups), states that a quantum computer with a physical error rate below a certain threshold can, through application of Quantum error correction schemes, suppress the logical error rate to arbitrarily low levels. Current estimates put the threshold for the surface code on the order of 1%,[1] though estimates range widely and are difficult to calculate due to the exponential difficulty of simulating large quantum systems. At a 0.1% probability of a depolarizing error, the surface code would require approximately 1,000-10,000 physical qubits per logical data qubit[2], though more pathological error types could change this figure drastically.
See also
- Quantum error correction
- Physical and logical qubits
References
- ↑ Fowler, Austin G.; Stephens, Ashley M.; Groszkowski, Peter (2009-11-11). "High-threshold universal quantum computation on the surface code". Physical Review A. 80 (5). arXiv:0803.0272. Bibcode:2009PhRvA..80e2312F. doi:10.1103/physreva.80.052312. ISSN 1050-2947.
- ↑ Campbell, Earl T.; Terhal, Barbara M.; Vuillot, Christophe (2017-09-13). "Roads towards fault-tolerant universal quantum computation". Nature. 549 (7671): 172–179. Bibcode:2017Natur.549..172C. doi:10.1038/nature23460. ISSN 0028-0836.
Books:
- Quantum Computation and Quantum Information June 2012 (by Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang)
Papers from : https://journals.aps.org/
- Blueprint for fault-tolerant quantum computation with Rydberg atoms 14 Nov 2017 (Paywall with Abstract)
- Fault-tolerant quantum computation with nondeterministic entangling gates 16 Mar 2018 (Paywall with Abstract)
Papers from : https://arxiv.org/
- Reliable Quantum Computers 26 Aug 1997
- Fault-tolerant quantum computation 19 Dec 1997
- A note on threshold theorem of fault-tolerant quantum computation 25 Jun 2010
- Level Reduction and the Quantum Threshold Theorem 11 Jul 2011
- Universal fault-tolerant quantum computation with Bacon-Shor codes 4 May 2017
- High-threshold fault-tolerant quantum computation with analog quantum error correction 6 Mar 2018
- Efficient Preparation of Large Block Code Ancilla States for Fault-tolerant Quantum Computation 22 Mar 2018
External links
- Gil Kalai. "Perpetual Motion of The 21st Century?".
- Scott Aaronson. "PHYS771 Lecture 14: Skepticism of Quantum Computing": «The entire content of the Threshold Theorem is that you're correcting errors faster than they're created. That's the whole point, and the whole non-trivial thing that the theorem shows. That's the problem it solves.»