Qayyum (Sufism)

A Qayyum (pronounced Qayyoom, Arabic/Urdu: قیوم‬) is a special spiritual position in Sufism, especially in the Naqshbandi tradition. The term was first coined by Ahmed Sirhindi, who was the first qayyum. According to him, a qayyum is a dignitary upon whom the whole order of existence depends. The word is derived from Al-Qayyum, a name of God in Islam that has the same meaning. According to the doctrine, only one qayyum is alive at any particular time.

The first four qayyums

The first qayyum was Ahmed Sirhindi (d. 1656). The second was Ahmed Sirhindi's third son, Khwaja Muhammad Masum Faruqi (d.1721), who was followed by his son Khwaja Muhammad Hujjat-ullah Naqshband (d. 1737). The fourth qayyum was Khwaja Muhammad Zubair (d. 1774), the grandson of Khwaja Naqshband.[1]

Other claimed Qayyums

Several other influential Sufis have claimed the title of qayyum.

Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan Shaheed

Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (d. 1817) was an important saint of the Naqshbandi Sufi order in the 18th century. He was also a renowned poet of modern Urdu. Shah Waliullah, an Islamic scholar contemporary with Mirza Mazhar, is quoted as saying, "As far as I can see, and I can see the seven continents, there is no saint today like Mirza Mazhar."

Shah Muhammad Safiullah Faruqi (d.1844)

Muhammad Safiullah Faruqi was the son of Ghulam Masoom Faruqi Mujaddidi. He died in Dhu al-Qi'da in 1844 on his return journey from the hajj.[2] Makhdoomsafi ullah died in Hudaida, a coastal city of Yemen.[3]

Shah Ghulam Ali Dehlavi

Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (d. 1662) is also claimed to be the mujaddid, a person supposed to restore Islam every century, for the 13th century of the Islamic calendar.[4]

Shah Abu Saeed Faruqi Mujaddidi

Abu Saeed Faruqi Mujaddidi (d.1672) was predicted to be the next qayyum by Ghulam Ali Dehlavi, his own shaykh.[4]

Ahmed Miya Sarkar Naqshbandi Mujadidi Ganj Muradabadi

Ahmed Miya Sarkar Ganj Muradabadi was the Qayyum of his time, he is the eldest son and Janasheen of Gaus-E-Zaman, Owais-E-Dauran Maulana Shah Fazle Rehma Ganj Muradabadi one of the greatest master of Naqshbandi golden chain.

Qayyum today

Today, numerous shaykhs belonging to the Naqshbandi Sufi order claim or are claimed by others to be the current qayyum.

References

  1. ↑ Sufism - Its Saints and Shrines, by John A. Subhan, chapter XIX: The Four Qayyums (p.285)
  2. ↑ Nisb Naama ("Ancestry of the Sirhindi Family"), Sindhi, handwritten, by Abdul-Ghaffar Faruqi Sirhindi
  3. ↑ Umdatul maqamat written by fazal allah page 672 published karachi, 2015.
  4. 1 2 Faiz Naqshband (Urdu Translation): Malfuzat of Shah Ghulam Ali Dehlavi Archived 8 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.

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