Punaré

Punaré
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Rodentia
Family:Echimyidae
Subfamily:Echimyinae
Tribe:Myocastorini
Genus:Thrichomys
Trouessart, 1880
Type species
Nelomys apereoides
Lund, 1839
Species

Thrichomys apereoides
Thrichomys fosteri
Thrichomys inermis
Thrichomys laurentius
Thrichomys pachyurus

The punaré are all found in the genus Thrichomys. They are South American rodents in the family Echimyidae.[1] It contains at least five species, found in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.[2][3] They are as follows:

Phylogeny

The genus Thrichomys shares evolutionary affinities with two pairs of Myocastorini genera: Callistomys (the painted tree-rat) and Myocastor (the coypu or nutria) on the one hand, and Hoplomys (the armored rat) and Proechimys on the other hand.

Genus-level cladogram of the Myocastorini

root  

         

         

  Callistomys (painted tree-rat)

 
 

  Myocastor (coypu)

 
 
         

  Thrichomys (punaré)

 
 

         

  Hoplomys (armored rat)

 
 

  Proechimys

 
 
 
The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

References

  1. ↑ Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Infraorder Hystricognathi". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1589. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ↑ E., Braggio,; R., Bonvicino, C. (2004-04-12). "Molecular Divergence in the Genus Thrichomys (Rodentia, Echimyidae)". Journal of Mammalogy. 85 (2). doi:10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0316:mditgt>2.0.co;2. ISSN 0022-2372.
  3. ↑ Nascimento, Fabrícia F.; Lazar, Ana; Menezes, Albert N.; Durans, Andressa da Matta; Moreira, Jânio C.; Salazar-Bravo, Jorge; D′Andrea, Paulo S.; Bonvicino, Cibele R. (2013-04-18). "The Role of Historical Barriers in the Diversification Processes in Open Vegetation Formations during the Miocene/Pliocene Using an Ancient Rodent Lineage as a Model". PLOS ONE. 8 (4): e61924. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061924. ISSN 1932-6203.
  4. ↑ Galewski, Thomas; Mauffrey, Jean-François; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2005). "Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (3): 601–615. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015.
  5. ↑ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2012). "Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 417–429. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020.
  6. ↑ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Galewski, Thomas; Tilak, Marie-ka; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2013-03-01). "Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x. ISSN 1463-6409.
  7. ↑ Loss, Ana; Moura, Raquel T.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2014). "Unexpected phylogenetic relationships of the painted tree rat Callistomys pictus (Rodentia: Echimyidae)" (PDF). Natureza on line. 12: 132–136.
  8. ↑ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Raghavan, Maanasa; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Willerslev, Eske; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P.; Orlando, Ludovic (2014-07-01). "Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics". Biology Letters. 10 (7): 20140266. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 4126619.
  9. ↑ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel. Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution. Buenos Aires: SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos. pp. 63–120.
  10. ↑ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Upham, Nathan S.; Emmons, Louise H.; Justy, Fabienne; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Loss, Ana Carolina; Orlando, Ludovic; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Patterson, Bruce D.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2017-03-01). "Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (3): 613–633. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw261. ISSN 0737-4038.


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