Press TV

Press TV
Launched 8 July 2007 (2007-07-08)
Owned by Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting
Picture format 576i, 16:9 (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Slogan News Anew
Country Iran
Language English
French
Broadcast area Primarily India, United States, UK, Canada and Worldwide
Headquarters Tehran, Iran
Sister channel(s) Al-Alam News Network
HispanTV
Website www.presstv.ir
Availability
Terrestrial
Jamaran CH43 UHF Digital (SD)
Alvand CH34 UHF Digital (Full HD)
Satellite
Intelsat 902
Middle East		 11555 / 30000 / 2/3 V
ArabSat 5C
Africa, Middle East, Europe		 3913 / 12911 / 5/6 V
3964 / 30000 / 3/4 R
Badr 4
Middle East & Africa		 12054 / 27500 3/4 V
Badr 5
Middle East & Central Asia		 12303 / 27500 / 3/4 H
11881 / 27500 5/6 H
Nilesat 201
Middle East		 11823 / 27500 / 5/6 V
Paksat-1R
Asia & Africa		 4060 / 23000 / 5/6 H
ST-2
Middle East & Asia		 11051 / 30000 / 1/2 V
Thaicom 5
Africa, Middle East, Europe, Asia, Australia		 3574 / 6510 / 2/3 H
Optus D2
Australia, New Zealand		 12519 / 22500 / 3/4 V
Intelsat 20
Europe & Africa		 12602 / 26657 / 2/3 H
Eutelsat 3B
Europe		 11605 / 11852 / 3/4 V
Ekspress AM44
Europe		 11109 / 9479 / 3/4 H
Galaxy 19
North & Central America		 11960 / 22000 / 3/4 V
Streaming media
Live Webcast Free
(Flash, Silverlight)
Video On Demand VOD
(Free)
Livestation Free
Play TV Free
iPad & iPhone Free App
Android Free App
Windows Mobile Free App
Blackberry Free App
Nokia Symbian Free App
YouTube channel PressTVGlobalNews (until 2013)
PressTVbroadcast (2013–2014)
VideosPTV (2014–present)
LiveLeak channel PressTV

Press TV (stylised as PRESSTV) is a 24-hour English- and French-language[1][2] news and documentary network affiliated with Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB).[3] IRIB is state-owned but independent of the Iranian government in its management and is the only legal TV and radio broadcaster inside Iran. IRIB's head is appointed directly by the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and is considered to be close to the country's conservative political faction. Press TV is headquartered in Tehran and has offices and bureaus around the world, including London, Beirut, Damascus, Kabul and the Gaza Strip.

Background

Press TV CEO Mohammad Sarafraz said in a June 2007 press conference that, "Since September 11, Western bias has divided the media into two camps: those that favour their policies make up one group and the rest of the media are attached to radical Islamic groups like Al-Qaeda. We want to show that there is a different view. Iran, and the Shi'as in particular, have become a focal point of world propaganda. From the media point of view, we are trying to give a second eye to Western audiences."[4]

The network's official vision is "to heed the voices and perspectives of the people of the world; build bridges of cultural understanding; encourage human beings of different nationalities, races and creeds to identify with one another; bring to light untold and overlooked stories of individuals who have experienced political and cultural divides firsthand."[5] Sarafraz explained that "our experience tells us that pictorial reflection of news and the use of images are more effective than discussion and analysis."[6]

History of website and satellite TV launch

The network's website launched in late January 2007.[7] Test satellite transmissions were conducted in late April 2007. The channel launched on 3 July 2007.[8][9] On 18 March 2009, Press TV launched a new website with a modified graphical user interface.[10] Press TV upgraded to 16:9 widescreen format on 17 November 2011,[11] being the first Iranian network to upgrade its feed to this format, and the second international news network based in the Middle East to do so, after Al Jazeera English.

Funding and management

Press TV is state-funded[12] and is a division of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the only legal TV and radio broadcaster inside the country.[13] IRIB is independent of the Iranian government and its head is appointed directly by the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; according to The Guardian, it is close to the country's conservative political faction, especially the elite Revolutionary Guards.[14] Press TV's headquarters are located in Tehran.

As of 2009, the annual budget of Press TV is 250 Billion rials (more than US$8.3 million).[15]

Coverage

PressTV shooting at University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Press TV offers round-the-clock news bulletins every half-hour, a series of repeating commentary programmes and round-table panel discussions, as well as documentary-style political films. In May 2009, Press TV CEO Mohammad Sarafraz announced that Press TV would "provide viewers with more newscasts while cutting down on its news analysis programs."[6]

Press TV was created for the purpose of presenting news, images and arguments, especially on Middle Eastern affairs, to counter the news coverage that appears on broadcasts such those of BBC World News, CNN International and Al Jazeera English.[16]

According to mediachannel.org, "the government aims to use Press TV to counter what it sees as a steady stream of Western propaganda against Iran as well as offer an alternative view of world news."[17]

By launching an English-language television network to promote an Iranian perspective of the world, together with an Arab-language station, the Al-Alam News Network, the Iranian government said it hoped "to address a global audience exposed to misinformation and mudslinging as regards the Islamic Republic of Iran."[18] The two networks focus on "difficult issues in the Middle East such as the United States’ occupation of neighbouring Iraq and the Shiite question."[19]

Currently, viewers can watch Press TV and the English, Arabic, and Spanish-language versions of its sister networks iFilm and Hispan TV on numerous free-to-air satellites worldwide. Official satellite footprint maps[20] and satellite enthusiast-maintained transponder change notifications[21] are also available and may at times be necessary to consult.

Controversies

In 2012, the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) issued a report alleging that Press TV has been broadcasting what the ADL says are examples of anti-Semitic conspiracy theories and opinions.[22] The report criticizes Press TV for interviewing or providing commentary space for a number of individuals (such as David Duke) described by the report as "American anti-Semites, conspiracy theorists and Holocaust deniers, who help amplify the Iranian regime's hateful messages".[22]

The station has been criticized for "anti-Americanism" and "uncritical embrace of conspiracy theories". For British journalist Nick Cohen the station is "a platform for the full fascist conspiracy theory of supernatural Jewish power"[23] and for commentator Douglas Murray it is the "Iranian government’s propaganda channel".[24] In a 2011 interview on Press TV, George Galloway, one of the station's presenters and a British politician, responded to Cohen and others, stating that Press TV "challenges the prevailing orthodoxy" by providing an outsider perspective on "the truth and a voice for the otherwise voiceless".[25] Mehdi Hasan of the New Statesman has argued that "engaging with Iran, no matter who is in charge in Tehran, is a prerequisite for peace and progress in the region. The very fact that Press TV is Iranian-owned makes it the ideal English-language platform on which to do so."[26]

The BBC journalist Linda Pressly has described Press TV as pro-Palestinian, opposed to sanctions against Iran, and critical of Western foreign policy.[27] Nick Ferrari, a former presenter of one of Press TV's shows, told The Times that Press TV's news coverage had been "reasonably fair" until the 2009 election—but not any longer.[28]

Removal from Western and Asian satellites

On April 3, 2012, Munich-based media regulator de:Bayerische Landeszentrale für neue Medien (BLM), announced it was removing Press TV from the SES Astra satellite, as it did not have a licence to broadcast in Europe.[29][30] However, the channel's legal team submitted documents to the court that proved Press TV could broadcast under German law. Munich's Administrative Court announced on Friday 15 June that the ban was illegal.[31] As of September 2012 the channel became unavailable on Astra 19.2E after the High Administrative Court of Bavaria had overturned the urgent ruling and confirmed the regulatory authority's decision.

In November 2012, the Hong Kong-based AsiaSat took Iranian channels off air in East Asia, and in October 2012 Eutelsat and Intelsat stopped broadcasting several Iranian satellite channels, though the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting managed to resume broadcasts after striking deals with smaller companies that are based in other countries.[32] In July 2013 Press TV and other Iranian channels were removed from several European and American satellites (amongst others those of Eutelsat and Intelsat), allegedly because of the Iran sanctions, even though an EU spokesperson told the channel that these sanctions do not apply to media.[33][32]

Maziar Bahari and UK licence revocation

In June 2010, Channel 4, the British broadcaster, transmitted a programme featuring Maziar Bahari, a documentary maker and Newsweek contributor, who was arrested while covering the Iranian presidential election in 2009, and held in custody for 118 days. He alleged that a Press TV 10 second interview and 'confession' had been preceded by torture, and was given under the threat of execution.[34] Bahari, now a British resident, complained to Ofcom, the regulatory authority for the telecommunication industries in the United Kingdom.[34]

In May 2011, Ofcom ruled that Press TV was responsible for a serious breach of UK broadcasting rules by airing the 10 second interview with Maziar Bahari, accepting that it had been obtained under duress while he was held in a Tehran jail.[35] Press TV rejected Ofcom's findings and accused Bahari of being "an MI6 contact person".[36] A fine of £100,000 was eventually imposed in November 2011, reversing an initial decision to revoke Press TV's licence.[37] Press TV responded: "The British royal family exercises an overarching power over all branches in the political system of the UK, including the government and the parliament, as well as on Ofcom."[37] On 20 January 2012, Press TV's licence to broadcast in the UK was revoked by Ofcom.[38][39] The investigation into the Bahari case had revealed the applying company's direct connection to Tehran, and that editorial control came from there. An invitation to change this in the licence had not been taken up by Press TV.[40] The unpaid fine was not the reason why Ofcom ended Press TV's licence.[41]

Geoffrey Alderman, the British historian and occasional Press TV contributor, attacked the Ofcom decision, and called for it to be reversed. He described the action by Ofcom as "thoroughly deplorable as well as palpably cynical".[42] Defenders of Press TV, including Alderman and the broadcaster's legal representative, Farooq Bajwa,[43] have referred to a formerly secret American diplomatic cable dated 4 February 2010. Later released by WikiLeaks, it says the British Government was at time "exploring ways to limit the operations of the IRIB's Press TV service". This 'exploration' was in response to the jamming by the Iranian government of broadcasts by the BBC Persian Service and the Voice of America, also mentioned in the document[44] and mentioned by Alderman.

UK base

Press TV began its activities in London during 2007. Roshan Muhammed Salih was Press TV's London news editor and chief correspondent.[45]

Notable presenters

Current presenters

  • Derek Conway, a former British Conservative Member of Parliament, presents Epilogue and Comment, on occasion.
  • Lembit Öpik, presents A Simple Question.[46]

Former presenters

  • George Galloway, a former UK parliamentarian and past leader of the far-left Respect Party, presented Comment and The Real Deal.[47]
  • Andrew Gilligan, a journalist who resigned from Press TV after he said that "taking the Iranian shilling was inconsistent with my opposition to Islamism".[48] Prior to his departure, Gilligan hosted The Forum that consisted of a "regular discussion show on the station, in which Islamism, and the policies of the Iranian government, were often debated and challenged."[48]
  • Ken Livingstone, a former Mayor of London.[49] He hosted Epilogue, a monthly book review programme, and Comment on occasion.[50]
  • Lauren Booth, presented Between the Headlines (until 2009), Remember Palestine and The Diaspora.[51]
  • Nick Ferrari, LBC 97.3 host who used to present The Forum until 2009 prior to the Iranian Elections.
  • Tariq Ramadan, presented Islam & Life (until early 2014).[52]
  • Yvonne Ridley, a British journalist.[53]

External contributors

Current programmes

  • A Simple Question – A show where your views matter. Presented by Lembit Öpik.[55]
  • Africa Today – Analytical weekly review of political, economic and social events in Africa, the world's second largest continent.[56]
  • Coffee In Palestine – A show that talks about Politics in Palestine where the audiences opinion gets heard. Filmed in Ramallah.[57]
  • Economic Divide – A show recorded in Tehran and hosted by news anchor Kaveh Taghvai. The show takes a look at world economies: the power of major banks, the stock markets, and its effect on democracy, and the distribution of wealth around the world.[58]
  • Face To Face – 25 min weekly show with interviews with people from different backgrounds.[59]
  • Hollywood Cut – A show investigating Hollywood's role.
  • Infocus – 25-minute twice-weekly show with a report documentary from a Press TV correspondent.[60]
  • Inside Out – A 25-minute magazine show exploring the U.S, produced and presented by Susan Modaress[61]
  • Iran – A 25-minute weekly show covering topical issues on Iran plus reports and interviews on major cultural events held in the country over the week.
  • Iran Today – A twice-weekly analysis of major political, economic, cultural and social events concerning Iran. It was formerly produced by Joobin Zarvan and Amir Tajik.[62]
  • Islamic Awakening – Show hosted by Ahmad Haneef.[63]
  • Middle East Files – A show that talks about the politics in the Middle East. The format is that there are 3 files per episode.[64]
  • Press Plus – A show that gives the latest technology updates. Presented by Reza Nayebi.[65]
  • Reporters' File – A weekly reportage-oriented programme, dealing with various Iranian and world stories, from a local correspondent's perspective. The show was formerly produced & hosted by Joobin Zarvan; it is now produced and presented by Saeed Pourreza.[66]
  • Spotlight – A show about developments that affected peoples lives.[67]
  • The Chronicles – A book review show with interviews with the author and critics. Presented by Derek Conway.[68]
  • The Debate – A 25-minute debate show presented by the news anchors.[69]
  • The Monarchy – A show all about Britain's Politics.[70]
  • The Sun Will Rise – A show all about Palestine. Presented by Roshan Mohammed Salih.[71]

Former programmes

  • Alternate Reality Video clips from around the world showing the iniquities of globalisation, looking at power, money and injustice.[72]
  • American Dream A weekly programme giving a warts-and-all picture of life in the USA from ghettos to gated communities to the White House.[73]
  • Autograph 25min weekly interview with academics, authors, politicians and dignitaries encompassing a whole range of different topics from cultural to highly political issues. The program was produced and hosted by Susan Modaress.[74]
  • Behind The Talks – The program that took a look at Iran’s proposals on the objectives of talks with the 5+1 in Istanbul and Baghdad.[75]
  • Between the Headlines – A review of the day's headlines hosted by Mark Watts, Lauren Booth, Afshin Rattansi, Amina Taylor[76] and Jan Fossgard, aired live from London.
  • Big Story – A show that explores the truth about Britain. Hosted by Amina Taylor.[77]
  • Canon – A 25-minute weekly show debating the legal perspective on the social and political issues around the world.[78]
  • CinePolitics – A weekly 25-minute show. The show examined current cinematic releases, and explored the underlying political and social issues that shaped them.[79]
  • Comment – A live show from London hosted by George Galloway. The format allows a studio audience to ask the presenter questions or argue with him.[80]
  • Diaspora – Programme presented by Ken Livingston and Derek Conaway.This Program pursued the life of Palestinian refugees who are now residing in Britain. Each episode shows hardships imposed on different individuals who have different stories.[81]
  • Double Standards – Programme presented by Afshin Rattansi.This Program was talking all about politics. Broadcast from the heart of London.[82]
  • Energy World – A 25-minute weekly show, dealing with current energy issues together with their political undercurrents, presented by former Russia Today host Amanda Burt.[83]
  • Epilogue – A 25-minute weekly programme on literature, featuring interviews with writers and critics, hosted by Derek Conway, Bob Stewart, Hugo de Burgh and James Whale.[84]
  • EuroFocus – Presented by Roshan Muhammed Salih and Fareena Alam, offers a weekly round-up of news and features from all over Europe.[84]
  • 4Corners – 25 minutes of live daily news commentary panel discussion. The show covered critical news stories from across the globe.The show was presented by Shahb Mossavat and Joobin Zarvan.[85]
  • Fine Print – Twice weekly show on on-line media.The show was presented by Amir Arfa.[86]
  • Hart of the Matter – A show where veteran broadcast journalist Alan Hart engages a host of intellectuals, investigative journalists and activists, amongst others, in conversation.[87]
  • Hearts and Minds[88] – 45-minute Panel Discussion on U.S. foreign policy produced in New York City. For several months, Hearts and Minds was presented by Alan Weisman[89] (former producer of the Charlie Rose Show, and author of biographies of retired CBS newsman Dan Rather and defence expert Richard Perle[89]) After Weisman, Stephanie Woods, a former reporter for the MTV News political news program Street Team '08,[90] assumed the role of host in June 2009 until the program's last broadcast on 30 September 2009.[91]
  • Inside Bahrain A show that gave the latest updates on Bahrain.[92]
  • Interaction A show that reviewed the latest Press TV programmes, news and feedback.[93]
  • Islam & Life A show presented by Tariq Ramadan that dealt with the challenges and opportunities facing Muslims, especially in the west.[94]
  • Middle East Today – 25 minutes of daily panel discussion on the region's most news-making events, broadcast live from Tehran and presented by Chris Gelken, Joobin Zarvan and Marzieh Hashemi . It is also aired on weekends, from Beirut by Mariam Saleh and Marlin Dick and Zeinab Safar.[95]
  • Minbar – A weekly Q&A about Islam presented by Ahmad Haneef.[96]
  • Money Trail – A 25 minutes weekly expose of the pay to play underworld of money and power produced and hosted by Amir Arfa.[97]
  • My Journey to Islam –A show that interviews famous personalities journey to Islam.[98]
  • Off The Cuff – Another audience-driven programme hosted by James Whale and Mike Mendoza. The show focuses on controversial issues where the presenter asks the questions around the theme and the audience express their views.
  • On The Edge With Max Keiser – The show focuses on financial issues. Presented by Max Keiser.[99]
  • Outside the Box – A weekly 25-minute show hosted by Tina Richards.
  • Women's Voice – A programme made by women for women. The show scrutinizes the status of women in the West and deals with their common issues, challenges and upheavals.
  • World Week Watch – Half-hour round-up of world events by Oscar Reyes and Kristiane Backer.
  • The Link – A weekly debate-driven talk show incorporating both experts and a studio audience dealing with a wide range of political, social, economic, environmental, sports and cultural issues affecting the world at large.The show was presented by Amir Arfa and Joobin Zarvan.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "presstv.com". Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  2. ↑ "youtube.com - PressTV français". Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  3. ↑ "Country Profile: Iran". BBC News. 30 November 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  4. ↑ "Iran launches English TV news station". Jerusalem Post.
  5. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir. 27 September 2010. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012.
  6. 1 2 "Press TV offers viewers new experience". 18 May 2009. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  7. ↑ "IRIB-Iran launches Press TV website". ISNA. Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union. 24 January 2007. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2007.
  8. ↑ "Iran Launches English Satellite Channel". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 26 June 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2007.
  9. ↑ "Media Environment Guide: Iran" (PDF). BBC Monitoring. 30 July 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  10. ↑ "Press TV launches new website". Press TV. 17 March 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  11. ↑ "Press TV upgrades to widescreen format". Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  12. ↑ Fathi, Nazila (2 July 2007). "Iran expands role in media, via satellite and in English". New York Times. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  13. ↑ Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (6 February 2014). "Rouhanicare: Iran's president promises healthcare for all by 2018". The Guardian. ... IRIB is independent of the Iranian government and its head is appointed directly by the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. It is the only legal TV and radio broadcaster inside the country but millions of Iranians watch foreign-based channels via illegal satellite dishes on rooftops. ...
  14. ↑ Rouhanicare: Iran's president promises healthcare for all by 2018. World news | The Guardian.
  15. ↑ "بودجه پرس تی‌وی 25 میلیارد تومان است / میزان پخش فیلم‌های ایرانی و خارجی متعادل می‌شود". Mehr News. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  16. ↑ "Iran launches English TV channel". BBC News. 2 July 2007. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
  17. ↑ Mediachannel Archived 8 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
  18. ↑ Ekhtiari, Khosro (15 September 2009). "A Guided Tour of Press TV". Gozaar. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  19. ↑ Sanati, Kimia (4 July 2007). "New TV Channel to Focus on Iraq, Shia Issues". IPS. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  20. ↑ "PressTV". www.presstv.ir.
  21. ↑ "KingOfSat - Change Log".
  22. 1 2 "Iran's Press TV: Broadcasting Anti-Semitism To English-Speaking World". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
  23. ↑ Nick Cohen "Who will rid us of hate channels such as Press TV?", The Observer, 4 December 2011
  24. ↑ Douglas Murray "Push off now, Press TV, and take your conspiracy theories with you", The Spectator (blog), 20 January 2012
  25. ↑ "Ofcom will not silence Press TV", transcript of an interview with George Galloway, Press TV, 8 December 2011
  26. ↑ Mehdi Hasan "Book me a slot on Press TV", New Statesman (blog), 16 July 2009
  27. ↑ Linda Pressly. "Iran's battle for TV influence takes shape on Press TV". BBC News. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
  28. ↑ Martin Fletcher (1 July 2009). "Presenter Nick Ferrari quits Iran Press TV over bias after election". The Times. London.
  29. ↑ Iran slams BBC over film about Israel relations, Jerusalem Post, 7 April 2012
  30. ↑ "Press TV ban refutes West's claims on freedom of expression: Lawmaker". Press TV. IRIB. 5 April 2012. Archived from the original on 8 April 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  31. ↑ "German court lifts ban on Press TV". Press TV. IRIB. 15 June 2012. Archived from the original on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
  32. 1 2 "Iranian channels dropped by Intelsat". Asharq Al-Awsat. 2 July 2013.
  33. ↑ "Intelsat to take Iranian satellite channels off air". Press TV. 26 June 2013. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013.
  34. 1 2 Kylie Morris and Katie Brown "Ofcom investigates Iran's Press TV over 'interview'", The Independent, 19 June 2010
  35. ↑ Sweney, Mark (23 May 2011). "Iran's Press TV censured for interview with arrested journalist". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  36. ↑ "A British game against PressTV", Press TV, 22 May July 2011
  37. 1 2 Patrick Foster "Ofcom reverses decision to revoke licence of Iran's Press TV", The Guardian, 30 November 2011
  38. ↑ Mark Sweney "Iran's Press TV loses UK licence", The Guardian, 20 January 2012.
  39. ↑ "The Ofcom document explaining the revocation" (PDF).
  40. ↑ "Iran's Press TV loses UK licence", BBC News, 20 January 2012
  41. ↑ David Blair "Iran's Press TV loses UK licence", Daily Telegraph, 20 January 2012
  42. ↑ Geoffrey Alderman "Suppressing Press TV is deplorable – Ofcom should restore its licence now", The Guardian, 24 January 2012
  43. ↑ Linda Pressly "Iran's battle for TV influence takes shape on Press TV", The Report, BBC Radio 4, 29 December 2011
  44. ↑ Cable cited at "US embassy cables: Retaliation planned after Iran jammed BBC broadcasts", The Guardian (website), 5 December 2010
  45. ↑ Salih, Roshan Muhammed (1 December 2008). "Press TV launches on Sky". Arab Media Watch. Archived from the original on 13 December 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  46. ↑ Today, Sun. "Rising public distrust in s politicians". Press TV. Archived from the original on 23 November 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  47. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  48. 1 2 "Mehdi Hasan: New Statesman's senior editor makes up quote". The Telegraph. London. 22 November 2010.
  49. ↑ "About Ken | Ken for London". Kenlivingstone.com. 4 May 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2011.
  50. ↑ Peter Dominiczak "Ken Livingstone quits lucrative presenting job on Iranian state television" Archived 1 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine., Evening Standard (This is London website), 27 January 2011
  51. ↑ "Remember Palestine". Lauren Booth.
  52. ↑ "Islam & life".
  53. ↑ "Press TV".
  54. ↑ "Jeremy Corbyn Defends Appearances On Iran's Press TV".
  55. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  56. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  57. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  58. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  59. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  60. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  61. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  62. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  63. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  64. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  65. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  66. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  67. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  68. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  69. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  70. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  71. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  72. ↑ "Alternate Reality". 9 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  73. ↑ "American Dream`". 9 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  74. ↑ "Autograph". 9 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  75. ↑ "PressTV". www.presstv.com.
  76. ↑ "Ken O'Keefe Press TV 'Between the Headlines' 1 of 3 – January 29, 2009". YouTube.
  77. ↑ "Big Story 1 of 3 – January 29, 2009". Press Tv.
  78. ↑ "Canon/ Jewish willing and native land/16 /04 /2009". YouTube. 17 April 2009.
  79. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  80. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  81. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  82. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  83. ↑ "Energy world 27/03/2009 The issues facing toward the G20 economics meet". YouTube.
  84. 1 2 "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  85. ↑ "4 Corners /UN report on Israels war crimes/07 /05 /2009". YouTube.
  86. ↑ "4 Corners /Fine print website". PressTV.
  87. ↑ Hart, Alan (11 August 2009). "Hart of the Matter – Introduction on Vimeo". Vimeo.com.
  88. ↑ "Press TV – Programs". Previous.presstv.ir.
  89. 1 2 Traub, James (16 December 2007). "The Unrepentant". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  90. ↑ "MTV Act Blog". Think.mtv.com. 19 August 2011. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010.
  91. ↑ "No Operation". Presstv.com.
  92. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  93. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  94. ↑ "Press TV". Presstv.ir.
  95. ↑ "Press TV – Programs". Previous.presstv.ir. 14 February 2011.
  96. ↑ "Minbar: Islam and Democracy – Dr. Ahmad Vaezi [PART 2]". YouTube.
  97. ↑ "PressTV". presstv.com.
  98. ↑ "PressTV". www.presstv.com.
  99. ↑ "PressTV". www.presstv.com.
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