Podocarpus nubigenus

Podocarpus nubigenus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Podocarpaceae
Genus: Podocarpus
Species: P. nubigenus
Binomial name
Podocarpus nubigenus

Podocarpus nubigenus (also known as Podocarpus nubigena) is a species of podocarp, endemic to the Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern Chile and adjacent southwestern Argentina. It is the southernmost podocarp in the world, It grows from 38° to Ultima Esperanza (53° South latitude), It grows in wet and swampy soils. It can settle clear grounds, with a faster growth than the other Chilean podocarpaceae.

It is a medium to large tree, growing to around 20–25 m (66–82 ft), exceptionally to 35 m (115 ft). The bark peels off in papery flakes, with a purplish to golden brown hue. The sharp, green needle-like leaves are stiff and leathery, 2 cm long. The cones are highly modified with 2-4 fused, fleshy berry-like juicy scales, bright red when mature, bearing one (rarely two) rounded seeds at the apex of the scales.

In a classic example species-pair of the Antarctic flora, it is very closely related to Podocarpus totara from New Zealand, to the extent that if planted together, they are very difficult to distinguish. The best distinction is the slightly brighter green tone of the leaves, compared to the more greyish-green of P. totara.

Cultivation and uses

The wood is hard and straight grained and very resistant to rot, it is yellow with reddish marks, semi-heavy, semi-hard and resistant to decay. but due to scarcity is little used.

Podocarpus nubigenus is occasionally grown as an ornamental tree in the western British Isles and the Pacific Northwest of North America, where it receives the cool summers and high rainfall it requires for successful growth. This tree is tolerant to about −25 °C (−13 °F). It does not have any common English name; cloud podocarp (a translation of the scientific name); male maniu (a literal translation from the most common name in Chile), Chilean podocarp[2] and Chilean totara have been suggested, but are little used. Mapuche Native American and Latin American Spanish names include and mañio macho or mañíu macho and huililahuán (Spanish pronunciation: [ wililaˈwan]). In southern Chile, it is also known as mañío de hojas punzantes (which is translated as prickly-leaved maniu).

References

  1. ↑ Gardner, M. (2013). "Podocarpus nubigenus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2013: e.T32029A2808526. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T32029A2808526.en. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  2. ↑ "Podocarpus nubigenus". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  • Donoso, C. 2005. Árboles nativos de Chile. Guía de reconocimiento. Edición 4. Marisa Cuneo Ediciones, Valdivia, Chile. 136p.
  • Hechenleitner, P., M. Gardner, P. Thomas, C. Echeverría, B. Escobar, P. Brownless y C. Martínez. 2005. Plantas Amenazadas del Centro-Sur de Chile. Distribución, Conservación y Propagación. Universidad Austral de Chile y Real Jardín Botánico de Edimburgo, Valdivia. 188p.
  • Hoffmann, Adriana 1982. Flora silvestre de Chile, Zona Araucana. Edición 4. Fundación Claudio Gay, Santiago. 258p.
  • Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 – 4 and Supplement. Murray 1981
  • Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN 0-333-47494-5
  • Conifer Specialist Group (1998). "Podocarpus nubigenus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2006. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 11 May 2006.
  • "Podocarpus nubigenus". Encyclopedia of Chilean Flora. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  • "Podocarpus nubigenus". Chilebosque. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  • "Growing Podocarpus nubigenus in the British Isles". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
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