Pimelea

Pimelea
Pimelea brachyphylla
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Rosids
Order:Malvales
Family:Thymelaeaceae
Subfamily:Thymelaeoideae
Genus:Pimelea
Banks & Sol. ex Gaertn.
Species

About 150 species; see text

Pimelea ferruginea at Yallingup
Flower bud of Pimelea nivea

Pimelea, commonly known as rice flowers, is a genus of plants belonging to the family Thymelaeaceae. There are about 150 species, including 110 in Australia and thirty six in New Zealand.

Description

Plants in the genus Pimelea are herbs or small shrubs usually with leaves arranged in opposite pairs. The leaves are usually paler on the lower surface and the petiole is usually very short. The flowers are usually arranged in groups on the ends of the branches and have no petals but four petal-like sepals and two stamens. The ovary has a single ovule and the fruit is usually a nut containing a single seed.[1]

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Pimelea was first formally described in 1788 by Joseph Gaertner from unpublished descriptions by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander. The first species Gaertner described was Pimelea laevigata, now known as Pimelea prostrata.[2][3][4][5][6]

The name Pimelea is from the Ancient Greek word pimele meaning "fat or "lard",[7] possibly referring to the oily seeds or fleshy cotyledons of riceflowers.[8]

Ecology

Some species, including P. curviflora, P. flava, P. glauca, P. linifolia, P. microcephala, P. neo-anglica, P. pauciflora, P. simplex and P. trichostachya are known to be toxic to stock.[1][9][10]

Species

About 150 species of Pimelea have been formally described, including about 110 in Australia and 36 in New Zealand.[1] The following is a combined list of species from the Australian Plant Name Index and the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network:[11][12]

  • Pimelea acra (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea actea (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea aeriginosa (W.A.)
  • Pimelea alpina - alpine riceflower (S.A.)
  • Pimelea altior (Qld.)
  • Pimelea amabilis (Qld.)
  • Pimelea ammocharis (W.A.)
  • Pimelea angustifolia (W.A.)
  • Pimelea approximans (Qld.)
  • Pimelea aquilonia (Qld.)
  • Pimelea argentea – silvery leaved pimelea (W.A.)
  • Pimelea aridula (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea avonensis – (W.A.)
  • Pimelea axiflora – bootlace bush (N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
  • Pimelea barbata (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea biflora – matted rice flower (N.S.W.,Vic.)
  • Pimelea brachyphylla (W.A.)
  • Pimelea bracteata (N.S.W.)
  • Pimelea brevifolia (W.A.)
  • Pimelea brevistyla (W.A.)
  • Pimelea buxifolia (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea calcicola (W.A.)
  • Pimelea carnosa (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea chlorina (Qld.)
  • Pimelea ciliata (W.A.)
  • Pimelea ciliolaris (N.S.W.)
  • Pimelea cinerea (Tas.)
  • Pimelea clavata (W.A.)
  • Pimelea concinna (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea confertiflora (Qld.)
  • Pimelea congesta (Lord Howe Island)
  • Pimelea cracens (W.A.)
  • Pimelea cremnophila (N.S.W.)
  • Pimelea cryptica (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea curviflora – tough-barked riceflower, curved riceflower (N.S.W., Vic., S.A.)
  • Pimelea declivis (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea decora – Flinders poppy (Qld.)
  • Pimelea drummondii (W.A.)
  • Pimelea drupacea - cherry riceflower (Vic., Tas.)
  • Pimelea dura (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea elongata (N.S.W., Qld., S.A.)
  • Pimelea erecta (W.A.)
  • Pimelea eremitica – roimata o tohe (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea ferruginea (W.A.)
  • Pimelea filifolia (N.T.)
  • Pimelea filiformis (Tas.)
  • Pimelea flava - yellow riceflower, diosma riceflower (N.S.W., Vic. S.A.)
  • Pimelea floribunda (W.A.)
  • Pimelea forrestiana (W.A.)
  • Pimelea fugiens (Qld.)
  • Pimelea gigandra (Qld.)
  • Pimelea gilgiana (W.A.)
  • Pimelea glauca - smooth riceflower (N.S.W., Qld., Tas., S.A.)
  • Pimelea gnidia (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea graniticola (W.A.)
  • Pimelea haematostachya (Qld.)
  • Pimelea halophila (W.A.)
  • Pimelea hewardiana - forked riceflower (Vic., S.A.)
  • Pimelea hirsuta (N.S.W.)
  • Pimelea hirta (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea hispida - bristly pimelea (W.A.)
  • Pimelea holroydii (W.A.)
  • Pimelea humilis - common riceflower (N.S.W., Vic., Tas., S.A.)
  • Pimelea ignota – pinatoro (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea imbricata (W.A.)
  • Pimelea interioris (N.T.)
  • Pimelea lanata (W.A.)
  • Pimelea latifolia (N.S.W., Qld.)
  • Pimelea lehmanniana (W.A.)
  • Pimelea leiophylla (Tas.)
  • Pimelea leptospermoides (Qld.)
  • Pimelea leptostachya (Qld.)
  • Pimelea leucantha (W.A.)
  • Pimelea ligustrina - tall riceflower (N.S.W., Qld., Vic., Tas., S.A.)
  • Pimelea linifolia - slender riceflower (N.S.W., Qld., S.A., Vic., Tas.)
  • Pimelea longiflora (W.A.)
  • Pimelea longifolia - long-leaved pimelea, taranga (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea lyallii (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea macrostegia (S.A.)
  • Pimelea mesoa (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea micrantha (N.S.W., Vic., W.A., S.A.)
  • Pimelea microcephala - mallee riceflower or shrubby riceflower (N.S.W., Qld., Vic., N.T., S.A., W.A.)
  • Pimelea microphylla (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea milliganii (Tas.)
  • Pimelea mimosa (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea mollis (Qld.)
  • Pimelea neo-anglica - poison pimelea, scanty riceflower (N.S.W., Qld.)
  • Pimelea neokyrea (W.A.)
  • Pimelea nitens (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea nivea (Tas.)
  • Pimelea notia (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea octophylla - woolly riceflower, downy riceflower (Vic., S.A.)
  • Pimelea oreophila (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea orthia (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea pagophila (Vic.)
  • Pimelea pauciflora – scanty riceflower, scrub kurrajong (N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
  • Pimelea pelinos (W.A.)
  • Pimelea pendens (W.A.)
  • Pimelea penicillaris (N.S.W., Qld., S.A., N.T.)
  • Pimelea petrophila (S.A.)
  • Pimelea phylicoides (Vic., S.A.)
  • Pimelea physodes - Qualup bell (W.A.)
  • Pimelea plurinervia (Qld.)
  • Pimelea poppelwellii – Poppelwells pimelea (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea preissii (W.A.)
  • Pimelea prostrata – pinatoro, New Zealand daphne, Strathmore weed (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea pseudolyallii (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea punicea (W.A.)
  • Pimelea pygmaea (Tas.)
  • Pimelea rara – summer pimelea (W.A.)
  • Pimelea rosea – rose banjine (W.A.)
  • Pimelea rupestris (Qld.)
  • Pimelea sanguinea (W.A.)
  • Pimelea sericea (Tas.)
  • Pimelea sericostachya (Qld.)
  • Pimelea sericeovillosa – cushion pimelea (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea serpyllifolia - thyme riceflower (N.S.W., Vic., Tas., W.A., S.A.)
  • Pimelea sessilis (W.A.)
  • Pimelea simplex – desert riceflower (N.S.W., Qld., Vic., S.A.)
  • Pimelea spathulata (Qld.)
  • Pimelea spectabilis – bunjong (W.A.)
  • Pimelea spicata (N.S.W.)
  • Pimelea spiculigera (W.A.)
  • Pimelea spinescens - spiny riceflower (Vic.)
  • Pimelea sporadica (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea stricta (N.S.W., Vic., Tas., S.A.)
  • Pimelea strigosa (N.S.W., Qld.)
  • Pimelea suaveolens – scented banjine (W.A.)
  • Pimelea subvillifera (W.A.)
  • Pimelea sulphurea – yellow banjine (W.A.)
  • Pimelea suteri (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea sylvestris (W.A.)
  • Pimelea tasmanica (Tas.)
  • Pimelea telura – three kings pimelea (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea tinctoria (W.A.)
  • Pimelea tomentosa (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea traversii (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea treyvaudii – grey riceflower (N.S.W., Vic.)
  • Pimelea trichostachya (N.S.W., Qld., Vic., W.A., S.A., N.T.)
  • Pimelea umbricata (Qld.)
  • Pimelea urvilleana subsp. nesica (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea urvilleana subsp. urvilleana - pinatoro (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea venosa – Bolivia Hill pimelea (N.S.W.)
  • Pimelea villifera (W.A.)
  • Pimelea villosa – sand daphne, autetaranga, toroheke, sand pimelea (N.Z.)
  • Pimelea williamsonii – Williamson's riceflower (Vic., S.A.)
  • Pimelea xenica – pinatoro (N.Z.)

References

  1. 1 2 3 Harden, Gwen J. "Genus Pimelea". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  2. ↑ "Pimelea". APNI. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  3. ↑ Gaertner, Joseph (1788). De fructibus et seminibus plantarum (Volume 1). Stuttgart. p. 186. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  4. ↑ "Pimelea". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  5. ↑ "Pimelea Gaertn". Western Australian Herbarium. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  6. ↑ "Pimelea". Australian Narional Botanicc Garden. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  7. ↑ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 318.
  8. ↑ "Pimelea spectabilis Lindl". The Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  9. ↑ "Understanding Pimelea poisoning of cattle" (PDF). State of Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  10. ↑ "Strathmore Weed". Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 2012-06-09.
  11. ↑ "Pimelea". APNI. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  12. ↑ "Pimelea". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 22 April 2018.


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