Philometra

Philometra
Philometra fasciati
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Secernentea
Order: Camallanida
Family: Philometridae
Genus: Philometra
Costa, 1845
Species

see text

Philometra is a genus of nematodes, with species parasites of marine and freshwater fishes.[1]

Species in this genus are worldwide. They parasitize the body cavities, tissues and ovaries of both marine and freshwater fishes. When still in the larval stages, these worms move to the body cavities or subcutaneous tissues in the host. This migration can cause damage to skeletal joints, result in internal bleeding, and inflame visceral organs. Emaciation and lowered growth rates may result from this.

Infestation produces nodules under the skin. When the worms are in the adult or juvenile stage, these nodules may be visible between the rays of the fins or may cause the scales to raise up. Larger nodules may be the result of gravid females which may rupture the skin surface. Once ruptured, the female disintegrates. This allows the release of the live larvae into the water. This wound on the fish then heals, leaving almost no scarring.

Species of Philometra require two hosts to complete their lifecycle. After the larval worms are released from the host fish, they are ingested by copepods which act as an intermediate host. Once inside the copepod, the larvae molt several times. Fish may then eat the infested copepod.

Known hosts

Species of this genus are known to parasitize numerous species of fish, including:

Taxonomy

The following species are recognized by the World Register of Marine Species:[2]

Nomina dubia

  • Philometra brevicollis Moravec & Justine, 2011
  • Philometra carolinensis Moravec , de Buron & Roumillat, 2006
  • Philometra cephalus Ramachandran, 1975
  • Philometra charlestonensis Moravec , de Buron, Baker & González-Solís, 2008
  • Philometra cyanopodi Moravec & Justine, 2008
  • Philometra cynoscionis Moravec , de Buron & Roumillat, 2006
  • Philometra fasciati Moravec & Justine, 2008
  • Philometra filiformis (Stossich, 1896)
  • Philometra floridensis Moravec , Fajer-Avila & Bakenhaster, 2010
  • Philometra genypteri Moravec , Chávez & Olivia, 2011
  • Philometra gymnothoracis Moravec & Buron, 2009
  • Philometra inimici Yamaguti, 1941
  • Philometra isaki Quiazon, Yoshinaga & Ogawa, 2008
  • Philometra jordanoi (López-Neyra, 1951)
  • Philometra justinei Moravec , Ternengo & Levron, 2006
  • Philometra katsuwoni Petter & Baudin-Laurencin, 1986
  • Philometra lateolabracis (Yamaguti, 1935)
  • Philometra lethrini Moravec & Justine, 2008
  • Philometra macroandri (Shchepkina, 1978)
  • Philometra madai Quiazon, Yoshinaga & Ogawa, 2008
  • Philometra managatuwo Yamaguti, 1941
  • Philometra margolisi Moravec , et al., 1995
  • Philometra mexicana Moravec & Salgado-Maldonado, 2007
  • Philometra mira Moravec & Justine, 2011
  • Philometra nemipteri Luo, 2001
  • Philometra neolateolabracis Rajyalakshmi, Hanumantha Rao & Shyamasundari, 1985
  • Philometra neptomeni Mateo, 1972
  • Philometra obladae Moravec , Gaglio, Panebianco & Giannetto, 2008
  • Philometra obturans (Prennant, 1886)
  • Philometra ocularis Moravec , Ogawa, Suzuki, Miyazaki & Donai, 2002
  • Philometra overstreeti Moravec & de Buron, 2006
  • Philometra pellucida (Jägerskiöld, 1893)
  • Philometra rajani Mukherjee, 1963
  • Philometra sciaenae Yamaguti, 1941
  • Philometra scomberomori (Yamaguti, 1935)
  • Philometra sebastisci Yamaguti, 1941
  • Philometra serranellicabrillae Janiszewska, 1949
  • Philometra strongylurae Moravec & Ali, 2005
  • Philometra tenuicauda Moravec & Justine, 2009
  • Philometra terapontis Moravec , Gopalakrishnan, Rajkumar, Saravanakumar & Kaliyamoorthy, 2011
  • Philometra tylosuri Moravec & Ali, 2005

References

  1. ↑ http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/species/disease/pdfs/fishdiseases/philometra.pdf
  2. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Philometra Costa, 1845". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 6 February 2015.

Further reading

  • Moravec, František; Buron, Isaure de (2013). "A synthesis of our current knowledge of philometrid nematodes, a group of increasingly important fish parasites". Folia Parasitologica. 60 (2): 81–101. doi:10.14411/fp.2013.010. ISSN 0015-5683.
  • Moravec, František; Chávez, Rosa A.; Oliva, Marcelo E. (2010). "A new gonad-infecting species of Philometra (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the red cusk-eel Genypterus chilensis (Osteichthyes: Ophidiidae) off Chile". Parasitology Research. 108 (1): 227–232. doi:10.1007/s00436-010-2054-0. ISSN 0932-0113.
  • Moravec, František; Ali, Atheer (2013). "Philometra johnii sp. nov. (Nematoda, Philometridae), a new gonad-infecting philometrid from the sin croaker Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from marine waters of Iraq". Acta Parasitologica. 58 (3). doi:10.2478/s11686-013-0139-5. ISSN 1896-1851.
  • Moravec, František; Barton, Diane P. (2015). "Two gonad-infecting species of Philometra (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine fishes off the northern coast of Australia". Parasite. 22: 4. doi:10.1051/parasite/2015008. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4318486. PMID 25654578.
  • Moravec, František; Justine, Jean-Lou (2015). "New records of species of Philometra (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine fishes off New Caledonia, including P. cephalopholidis sp. n. from Cephalopholis sonnerati (Serranidae)". Parasitology Research. 114 (9): 3223–3228. doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4538-4. ISSN 0932-0113.
  • Moravec, František; Chaabane, Amira; Justine, Jean-Lou; Neifar, Lassad (2016). "Two gonad-infecting species of Philometra (Nematoda: Philometridae) from groupers (Serranidae) off Tunisia, with a key to Philometra species infecting serranid gonads". Parasite. 23: 8. doi:10.1051/parasite/2016008. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4783587. PMID 26956219.
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