Philodryas
| Philodryas | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Philodryas patagoniensis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Subfamily: | Dipsadinae |
| Genus: | Philodryas Wagler, 1830[1] |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Atamophis, Callirhinus, Chlorosoma, Dirrhox, Dryophylax, Euophrys, Galeophis, Herpetodryas, Lygophis, Teleolepis, Xenodon [2] | |
Philodryas is a genus of colubrid snakes endemic to South America,[2] commonly called green snakes.
Description
Species in the genus Philodryas share the following characters:
Head distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis. Eye moderate or large. Pupil round. Body cylindrical or slightly laterally compressed. Tail long.
Dorsal scales arranged in 17 to 23 rows at midbody, more or less obliquely. Subcaudals divided (in two rows).
Maxillary teeth smallest anteriorly, 12-15, followed after a gap by two large grooved fangs located just behind the posterior border of the eye.[2]
Venom
Although colubrid snakes are usually harmless to humans, Philodryas are opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged) snakes[2] and can give a venomous bite. However, they have mild venom; so a bite is unlikely to cause lasting damage to humans.
Species and geographic ranges
There are 21 recognized species.[1][3]
- Philodryas aestiva (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – N Argentina, Bolivia, SE Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
- Philodryas agassizii (Jan, 1863) – NE Argentina, S/SW Brazil, S Paraguay, Uruguay
- Philodryas amaru Zaher et al., 2014 – Ecuador
- Philodryas argentea (Daudin, 1803) – NW South America
- Philodryas arnaldoi (Amaral, 1932) – SE Brazil
- Philodryas baroni Berg, 1895 – N Argentina
- Philodryas boliviana Boulenger, 1896 – Bolivia
- Philodryas chamissonis (Wiegmann, 1834) – Chile
- Philodryas cordata Donnelly & C. Myers, 1991 – Venezuela
- Philodryas erlandi Lönnberg, 1902 – Paraguay, southeastern Bolivia, northern Argentina
- Philodryas georgeboulengeri Grazziotin et al., 2012 – Bolivia, Brazil, Peru
- Philodryas laticeps F. Werner, 1900 – Bolivia, Brazil
- Philodryas livida (Amaral, 1923) – Brazil
- Philodryas mattogrossensis Koslowsky, 1898 – Bolivia, SW Brazil, Paraguay
- Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870 – WC Brazil, Paraguay
- Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein, 1823) – Argentina, Bolivia, W Brazil, Paraguay, E Peru, Uruguay
- Philodryas patagoniensis (Girard, 1857) – Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil
- Philodryas psammophidea Günther, 1872 – Argentina, W & S Brazil
- Philodryas simonsi Boulenger, 1900 – Ecuador, Peru
- Philodryas tachymenoides (Schmidt & Walker, 1943) – Chile, Peru
- Philodryas trilineata (Burmeister, 1861) – Argentina
- Philodryas varia (Jan, 1863)[4] – Argentina, Bolivia
- Philodryas viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758) – N South America in Amazon and Paraguay River basins[5]
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Philodryas.
References
- 1 2 "Philodryas ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 Boulenger GA (1896). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ) ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (Genus Philodryas, p. 127).
- ↑ "Philodryas ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
- ↑ http://www.philodryas.com
- ↑ Freiberg M (1982). Snakes of South America. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. ISBN 0-87666-912-7. (Genus Philodryas, pp. 106-107).
Further reading
- Wagler JG (1830). Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification des Säugthiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. Munich, Stuttgart, and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. (Philodryas, new genus, p. 185). (in German and Latin).
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