Phaseolus polystachios

Phaseolus polystachios
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Rosids
Order:Fabales
Family:Fabaceae
Genus:Phaseolus
Species: P. polystachios
Binomial name
Phaseolus polystachios
(L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
SynonymsTropicos.org

Dolichos polystachios L., Phaseolus paniculatus Michx., Phaseolus perennis Walter, Phaseolus polystachios var. aquilonius Fernald

Phaseolus polystachios

Phaseolus polystachios, also known as the thicket bean or wild kidney bean, is a perennial, herbaceous vine that is native to North America.[1][2] It is unique among the Phaseolus in that its native range extends across the eastern temperate United States to southeast Canada, while most Phaseolus are tropical or subtropical.[1] It is the namesake for the Polystachios group clade, which is the most species-rich within Phaseolus (17 species).[3] In spite of its common name, it is more closely related to the lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), and it holds potential as a crop wild relative due to its resistance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum).[4]

Subordinate taxa

Subordinate taxa include Phaseolus polystachios var. polystachios, Phaseolus polystachios var. sinuatus, and Phaseolus polystachios var. smilacifolius.[1][5] The Phaseolus polystachios var. polystachios variety is listed as a special concern species and believed extirpated in Connecticut.[6]

Ethnobotany and uses

P. polystachios has been found in a few Native American archaeological sites in Oklahoma and Arkansas, with some evidence of artificial selection for indehiscent (non-shattering) pods.[7] Its fruit and seeds can reportedly be eaten in much the same way as cultivated Phaseolus, although they are smaller.[7]

Life history

P. polystachios exhibits hypogeal germination and is photoperiod sensitive, requiring day lengths greater than 10 hours to vine and flower.[8][9] It overwinters via a tuberous root system.[8][9]

Ecology

P. polystachios inhabits well-drained soils and slopes, generally woodlands and thickets, and may form colonies.[9] Their pods are eaten extensively by weevils.[4][9]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Plants Profile for Phaseolus polystachios (Thicket bean)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  2. ↑ "Phaseolus polystachios (Thicket Bean, Wild Kidneybean, Wild Kidney Bean)". www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
  3. ↑ Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Bibler, Ryan; Lavin, Matt (2006-10-01). "Phylogeny of the Genus Phaseolus (Leguminosae): A Recent Diversification in an Ancient Landscape". Systematic Botany. 31 (4): 779–791. doi:10.1600/036364406779695960. ISSN 0363-6445.
  4. 1 2 "The Quest for the Wild Kidney Bean - The Plant Press". nmnh.typepad.com. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
  5. ↑ "Tropicos | Name - Phaseolus polystachios subsp. smilacifolius (Pollard) Freytag". www.tropicos.org. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
  6. ↑ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 2 January 2017. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  7. 1 2 "Phaseolus polystachios (L.) BSP. - Wild Bean | Paleoethnobotany Laboratory Guide". pages.wustl.edu. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
  8. 1 2 Allard, H.A. (1943). "The probable relationship of Phaseolus polystachios to other species". Rhodora. 45: 169–170.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Allard, H. A. (1947). "The ecology of the wild kidney bean Phaseolus polystachios (L.) BSP". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 37 (9): 306–309. JSTOR 24531921.


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