Pete Rozelle

Pete Rozelle
Rozelle in the early 1980s.
Commissioner
of the National Football League
In office
January 1960 – November 1989
Preceded by Austin Gunsel (interim)
Succeeded by Paul Tagliabue
Personal details
Born Alvin Ray Rozelle
(1926-03-01)March 1, 1926
South Gate, California
Died December 6, 1996(1996-12-06) (aged 70)
Rancho Santa Fe, California
Spouse(s) Jane Coupe (m.1949-1972) Carrie Cooke (m.1973- d. 1996)
Children 1
Alma mater University of San Francisco
Honors Sportsman of the Year (1963)
Pro Football Hall of Fame

Alvin Ray "Pete" Rozelle (/roʊˈzɛl/; March 1, 1926 – December 6, 1996) was an American businessman and executive. Rozelle served as the commissioner of the National Football League (NFL) for nearly thirty years, from January, 1960 until his retirement in November, 1989. He is credited with making the NFL into one of the most successful sports leagues in the world.[1][2]

Early life

Born in South Gate, California, Rozelle grew up in neighboring Lynwood during the Great Depression. He graduated from Compton High School in 1944, with Duke Snider, lettering in baseball and basketball. He was drafted into the U.S. Navy in 1944 and served 18 months in the Pacific on an oil tanker.

Rozelle entered Compton Community College in 1946.[3] While there he worked as the student athletic news director and also worked part-time for the Los Angeles Rams as a public relations assistant. Pete Newell, head coach for the University of San Francisco Dons basketball team, came to Compton in 1948 for a recruiting visit. Impressed by Rozelle, Newell helped arrange for him to get a full scholarship to work in a similar capacity at USF.[3]

Rozelle enrolled at USF that year and worked as a student publicist for the USF Dons athletic department. In addition to promoting the school's football team he was able to draw national attention to the Dons' 1949 National Invitation Tournament (NIT) championship basketball team. After graduating from USF in 1950 he was hired by the school as the full-time athletic news director.[4]

In 1952, he re-joined the Rams as a PR specialist. Leaving after three years, he held a series of public relations jobs in southern California, including marketing the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne, Australia for a Los Angeles based company. In 1957, he returned to the Rams, a disorganized, unprofitable team, lost in the growing L.A. market, as their general manager. In spite of continued struggles on the field, including a league-worst 2–10 record in 1959, he turned them into a business success in just three years.[3]

NFL commissioner

1960s

After Bert Bell's death in October 1959, the 33-year-old Rozelle was the surprise choice for his replacement as NFL commissioner. According to Howard Cosell in his book I Never Played the Game, the owners took 23 ballots before settling on Rozelle as NFL Commissioner at a January 26, 1960 meeting.[5][6]

When he took office following the 1959 season, there were twelve teams in the NFL playing a twelve-game schedule to frequently half-empty stadiums, and only a few teams had television contracts. The NFL in 1960 was following a business model that had evolved from the 1930s. One of Rozelle's early accomplishments was helping the league adopt profit-sharing of gate and television revenues. The revenue-sharing was a major factor in stabilizing the NFL and guaranteeing the success of its small-market teams. Another important contribution was Rozelle's success in negotiating large television contracts to broadcast every NFL game played each season. In doing so he deftly played one television network against the other. In 1962, Rozelle was re-elected to a five-year contract to remain as commissioner.[7]

JFK assassination

After the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, Rozelle wrestled with the decision of whether to cancel that Sunday's games. Rozelle and White House press secretary Pierre Salinger had been classmates at the University of San Francisco, so Rozelle consulted with him. Salinger urged Rozelle to play the games, so he agreed for the schedule to proceed. Rozelle felt that way, saying: "It has been traditional in sports for athletes to perform in times of great personal tragedy. Football was Mr. Kennedy's game. He thrived on competition."[8] After their win over the Philadelphia Eagles in Philadelphia, players on the Washington Redskins asked Coach Bill McPeak to send the game ball to the White House, thanking Rozelle for allowing the games to be played that weekend,[9] saying that they were "playing...for President Kennedy and in his memory."[10] There were players and news outlets that disagreed with the decision, and Rozelle subsequently thought it might have been wiser to cancel those games.[11]

Citing his "aptitude for conciliation" with the league's owners, his work in expanding the NFL, and his crackdown on player gambling, Sports Illustrated named Rozelle the magazine's 1963 "Sportsman of the Year".[12]

The AFL

By 1965, the rival American Football League obtained a new NBC-TV contract and had signed a new superstar in Joe Namath. As the leagues battled to sign top talent, bonuses and salaries grew dramatically, especially after a series of "raids" on each other's talent, both signed and unsigned. The leagues agreed to a merger in 1966. Among the conditions were a common draft and a championship game played between the two league champions first played in early 1967, the AFL-NFL World Championship Game, which would eventually become known as the Super Bowl. Rozelle led negotiations with AFL and NFL executives to merge the two leagues.[13] In October 1966, he testified in front of Congress and convinced them to allow the merger.[14] Rozelle played an important role in making the Super Bowl the most watched sporting event in the United States.[15]

Due to television contracts, the AFL and NFL operated as separate leagues until 1970, with separate regular season schedules, but they met in the preseason and in the championship game. Although Rozelle nominally remained the NFL commissioner, he was given broad authority over both leagues after AFL Commissioner Al Davis was forced to resign and ultimately replaced by an AFL President subordinate to the NFL Commissioner. During this time, the NFL Commissioner's office came to resemble that of the Commissioner of Baseball and Rozelle unofficially became known as the Football Commissioner although that was never an official title. Meanwhile, the AFL expanded, adding the Miami Dolphins in 1966, and the Cincinnati Bengals in 1967. Also during this period, the NFL added the Atlanta Falcons in 1966, and the New Orleans Saints in 1967. In 1970, the AFL was absorbed into the NFL and the league reorganized with the ten AFL franchises along with the previous NFL teams Baltimore Colts, Cleveland Browns, and Pittsburgh Steelers becoming part of the newly-formed American Football Conference (AFC.) All remaining pre-merger NFL teams formed the National Football Conference (NFC.) By 1970, the NFL stood at 26 teams.

1970s

In 1970, Rozelle proposed his concept, Monday Night Football, to Roone Arledge, then the head of the ABC television network.[16] After selling his idea to ABC, Monday Night Football premiered in September 1970 with the Cleveland Browns against the New York Jets; the Browns won the game, 31-21.[17] The program is still broadcast today (it moved to ESPN in 2006) Monday Night Football aired on ABC for 36 years at 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The first broadcast announcing team was Don Meredith, Howard Cosell, and Keith Jackson.[18]

1980s

In the 1980s, Al Davis, owner of the Oakland Raiders franchise, sued the NFL in order to relocate the team to Los Angeles. Rozelle represented the NFL, testifying in court to block the Raiders' move. Ultimately, the NFL lost its court case with Davis, and the Oakland franchise moved to Los Angeles in 1982. The tension between Rozelle and Davis, who had wanted to be NFL commissioner, was apparent throughout the case. In January 1981, just after the case was settled, the Oakland Raiders won Super Bowl XV and Rozelle as commissioner was tasked with handing the Super Bowl Trophy to Davis.[19][20] The Raiders moved back to Oakland in 1995.

Influence

Under Rozelle the NFL thrived and became an American institution, despite two players' strikes and two different competing leagues. He retired as commissioner on November 5, 1989. By the time of his resignation, the number of teams in the league had grown to 28, and team owners presided over sizable revenues from U.S. broadcasting networks.

Rozelle's legacy of equalization has been felt not only in the NFL,[21] but also in the Australian Football League, the major Australian-rules football competition. In 1986, The AFL Commission adopted a policy of equalization based on the method pioneered by Rozelle in the NFL. It is because of this decision that expansion clubs have been able to survive, as well as older clubs with smaller support bases.[22] An example of this is the 1996 AFL Grand Final between North Melbourne and the Sydney Swans, two teams with small supporter bases.[23]

Honors

Rozelle was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985 while still its commissioner.[24] The NFL's annual Pete Rozelle Radio-Television Award was established in 1989 to recognize "longtime exceptional contributions to radio and television in professional football",[25] and is awarded annually by the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

In 1990, the league instituted the Pete Rozelle Trophy to honor the Super Bowl MVP, first awarded in the 1990 season at Super Bowl XXV on January 27, 1991.[26] A month after Rozelle's death in December, 1996, the NFL honored his legacy with a decal on the back of the helmets of the teams competing in Super Bowl XXXI.[27]

In 1991, Rozelle was honored with the "Lombardi Award of Excellence" from the Vince Lombardi Cancer Foundation.

For his contribution to sports in Los Angeles, Rozelle was honored by Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum commissioners with a "Court of Honor" plaque at the Coliseum.[28]

Personal life and death

Rozelle married Jane Coupe, an artist, in 1949. The couple had one child, Anne Marie, born in 1958. Rozelle was awarded full custody of Anne Marie after his divorce due to Coupe's alcoholism. Rozelle remarried in December 1973 to Carrie Cooke, a former daughter-in-law of Jack Kent Cooke, owner of the Washington Redskins.[29]

Seven years after his retirement, Rozelle died of brain cancer at the age of 70 at Rancho Santa Fe, California, and was interred at El Camino Memorial Park in San Diego.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Rozelle praised as the greatest". Tuscaloosa News. Alabama. Associated Press. December 8, 1996. p. 10.
  2. ↑ Bock, Hal (December 8, 1996). "Rozelle leaves storied legacy". Sunday Courier. Prescott, Arizona. Associated Press. p. 4B.
  3. 1 2 3 Michael MacCambridge (November 26, 2008). America's Game. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 141–. ISBN 978-0-307-48143-6.
  4. ↑ http://foghorn.usfca.edu/2012/02/pete-rozelle-from-usf-student-publicist-to-father-of-the-super-bowl-and-beyond/
  5. ↑ "Rams' Rozelle, 33, elected NFL boss". Milwaukee Sentinel. Associated Press. January 27, 1960. p. 2, part 2.
  6. ↑ "Rams' Pete Rozelle, 33, elected NFL czar". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. January 27, 1960. p. 16.
  7. ↑ "Happy Birthday George Halas". Chicago Bears. January 31, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  8. ↑ Brady, Dave (November 24, 1963). "It's Tradition To Carry on, Rozelle Says". The Washington Post. p. C2.
  9. ↑ Walsh, Jack (November 25, 1963). "Game Ball Going to White House". The Washington Post. p. A16.
  10. ↑ Associated Press (November 25, 1963). "Redskins Send Game Ball to White House". The Chicago Tribune. p. C4.
  11. ↑ Pierce, Charles P. "Black Sunday: The NFL plays on after JFK'S assassination". SI.com.
  12. ↑ Rudeen, Kenneth. "SPORTSMAN OF THE YEAR". SI.com.
  13. ↑ GOLDBERG, DAVE (1991-06-09). "Football War Ended With Merger 25 Years Ago". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  14. ↑ OATES, BOB (1996-01-27). "It's His Baby : Pete Rozelle Brought the Super Bowl Into the World, and It Grew Up in a Hurry". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  15. ↑ Carter, Bob. "ESPN Classic - Rozelle made NFL what it is today". ESPN.
  16. ↑ ELLIOTT, HELENE (December 7, 1996). "Pete Rozelle, Father of Modern-Day Football, Dies" – via LA Times.
  17. ↑ "Monday Night Football - MNF History: 1970". espn.go.com.
  18. ↑ "Monday Night Football".
  19. ↑ Belson, Ken (2017-02-03). "Awkward Handoff of Lombardi Trophy Has Roots in Renegade Raiders". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  20. ↑ "Potential Tom Brady-Roger Goodell Super Bowl meeting reminiscent of Al Davis-Pete Rozelle encounter". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  21. ↑ Sandomir, Richard (1996-12-08). "Rozelle's N.F.L. Legacy: Television, Marketing and Money". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  22. ↑ "The AFL's equalisation changes explained - AFL.com.au". afl.com.au. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  23. ↑ AFL Football Record, April 18–20, 1997
  24. ↑ "Pete Rozelle's legacy | Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site". www.profootballhof.com. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  25. ↑ "JAMES BROWN NAMED THE 2016 WINNER OF PRESTIGIOUS PETE ROZELLE RADIO-TV AWARD - General - News | Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site". www.profootballhof.com. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  26. ↑ "Sports People: Pro Football; The Rozelle Trophy". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. October 10, 1990. Retrieved February 25, 2007.
  27. ↑ "Uni Watch: Reveal the shield". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  28. ↑ "LOS ANGELES MEMORIAL COLISEUM COURT OF HONOR PLAQUES". Archived from the original on March 8, 2010.
  29. ↑ "Pete Rozelle gets married". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. wire services. December 7, 1973. p. 2D.

Further reading

  • Davis, Jeff (2008). Rozelle: Czar of the NFL. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780071471664.
  • Fortunato, John (2006). Commissioner: The Legacy of Pete Rozelle. Lanham, Md.: Taylor Trade Pub. ISBN 9781589792913.
  • Harris, David (1986). The League: The Rise and Decline of the NFL. Toronto, New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0553051679.
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