Pahari language

Pahari, or Pahadi (पहाड़ी pahāṛī 'of the hills/mountains'; English: /pəˈhɑːri/)^[1] is an ambiguous term that has been used for a variety of languages, dialects and language groups, most of which are found in the lower Himalayas.

Most commonly, it refers to:

Pahari-Pothwari, the predominant language of Pakistan-administered Kashmir and neighbouring areas of Punjab and Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir
individual Himachali languages, spoken in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh^[2]
Northern Indo-Aryan languages, in the linguistics literature often referred to as "Pahari languages", a controversial group that includes the Indo-Aryan languages of Nepal and the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh.

Less commonly, Pahari may be:

a term used by Dogri speakers of the plains to refer to the Dogri varieties spoken at higher elevations, in Indian Jammu and Kashmir^[3]
a local name for a variety of Bilaspuri spoken in a certain hilly area of Indian Punjab^[2]
a name nowadays used only in rural areas to refer to the Nepali language^[4]
a local name for a Bhili dialect of Eastern Gujarat.^[2]

A similar term is Pahari (पहरी), which refers to a group of dialects of the Tibeto-Burman Newar language of Nepal.^[5]^[6]

Of similar origin is the name Paharia, which is used for several languages of east-central India.

References

↑ "Pahari". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
1 2 3 Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-521-23420-7.
↑ Brightbill, Jeremy D.; Turner, Scott D. (2007). A sociolinguistic survey of the Dogri language, Jammu and Kashmir (Report). SIL Electronic Survey Reports. p. 7.
↑ Riccardi, Theodore (2003). "Nepali". In George Cardona, Dhanesh Jain (eds.). The Indo-Aryan languages. Routledge language family series. Y. London: Routledge. p. 540. ISBN 978-0-7007-1130-7.
↑ van Driem, George (2001). Languages of the Himalayas. Handbuch der Orientalistik. 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 758, 1098. ISBN 978-90-04-10390-0.
↑ Shreshtha, Rudra Laxmi (2003). "Verbal morphology of the Badikhel Pahari dialect of Newar". In Kansakar, Tej Ratna; Turin, Mark. Themes in Himalayan languages and linguistics. Heidelberg ; Kathmandu: South Asia Institute ; Tribhuvan University. pp. 145–62. ISBN 978-99933-54-16-1.

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[1] "Pahari". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[Masica1991-2] 1 2 3 Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-521-23420-7.

[3] Brightbill, Jeremy D.; Turner, Scott D. (2007). A sociolinguistic survey of the Dogri language, Jammu and Kashmir (Report). SIL Electronic Survey Reports. p. 7.

[4] Riccardi, Theodore (2003). "Nepali". In George Cardona, Dhanesh Jain (eds.). The Indo-Aryan languages. Routledge language family series. Y. London: Routledge. p. 540. ISBN 978-0-7007-1130-7.

[5] van Driem, George (2001). Languages of the Himalayas. Handbuch der Orientalistik. 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 758, 1098. ISBN 978-90-04-10390-0.

[6] Shreshtha, Rudra Laxmi (2003). "Verbal morphology of the Badikhel Pahari dialect of Newar". In Kansakar, Tej Ratna; Turin, Mark. Themes in Himalayan languages and linguistics. Heidelberg ; Kathmandu: South Asia Institute ; Tribhuvan University. pp. 145–62. ISBN 978-99933-54-16-1.