Osphradium

The osphradium is an olfactory organ in certain molluscs, linked with the respiration organ. The main function of this organ is thought to be to test incoming water for silt and possible food particles.

The organ is present in all members of the genus Conus, the cone snails, a group of predatory sea snails.

It is a popular idea among malacologists that the presence of an osphradium should be a molluscan synapomorphy. However, a truly homologous "osphradium" is yet to be found in some groups, such as in Lepidopleuridan chitons (Polyplacophora).

References

External links

Hulbert G. C. E. B. & Yonge C. M. (1937). "A Possible Function of the Osphradium in the Gastropoda". Nature 139: 840-841. doi:10.1038/139840b0.
Brown A. C. & Noble R. G. (1960). "Function of the Osphradium in Bullia (Gastropoda)". Nature 188: 1045-1045. doi:10.1038/1881045a0.

Cephalopod anatomy

Shell

Shell types	External shells: Ammonoid shell Argonautid eggcase Nautiloid shell Orthocone Internal shells: Belemnoid guard Cirrate shell Cuttlebone Gladius (pen) Spirula shell Stylet
External features	Aperture Apex Callus Lirae Periostracum Sculpture Spire Sutures Umbilicus
Internal features	Body chamber Camerae Nacre Phragmocone Septa Siphuncle Whorls

Mantle and funnel

External anatomy	Dermal structures Fins (wings) Flotation devices ("secondary fins") Funnel–mantle locking apparatus Tail
Internal anatomy	Branchial hearts Ctenidia (gills) Hepatopancreas (digestive gland) Ink sac and ink Needham's sac Nephridia ("kidneys") Nidamental glands Osphradium Pericardial glands

Head and limbs

Brachial crown	Arms Hectocotylus Tentacles Carpus Dactylus Manus Suckers and hooks
Buccal region	Aptychus Beak Odontophore Radula Spadix and antispadix
Occipital region	Nuchal crest (occipital crest) Nuchal folds (occipital folds) Occipital membrane Olfactory organ Nuchal organ
Other parts	Eyes Statocysts

General

Chromatophores
Photophores
Nervous system
- Squid giant axon
- Squid giant synapse

Developmental stages: Spawn → Paralarva (Doratopsis stage) → Juvenile → Subadult → Adult • Egg fossils • Protoconch (embryonic shell)

Gastropod anatomy
Shell	Aperture Apex Body whorl Callus Columella Lip Lira Nacre Periostracum Peristome Planispiral Plait Protoconch Sculpture Selenizone Siphonal canal Siphonal notch Spire Stromboid notch Suture Umbilicus Valve Varix Whorl
Other hard parts	Clausilium Love dart Operculum Pearl Radula
External soft parts	Caryophyllidia Caudal mucous pit Cerata Cnidosac Mantle Mentum Notum Parapodium Pneumostome Rhinophore Semper's organ Siphon Suprapedal gland
Internal soft parts	Circulatory system of gastropods Crop Ctenidium Digestive system of gastropods Diverticula Excretory system of gastropods Gastric shield Hancock's organ Hepatopancreas Hypobranchial gland Nephridium Nervous system of gastropods Nidamental gland Odontophore Oesophageal pouch Osphradium Reproductive system of gastropods Respiratory system of gastropods Sensory organs of gastropods
Other	Epiphragm Pseudofeces Torsion Circumesophageal nerve ring Trochophore Tyrian purple Veliger

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