Opuntia aciculata

Opuntia aciculata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Order:Caryophyllales
Family:Cactaceae
Genus:Opuntia
Species: O. aciculata
Binomial name
Opuntia aciculata
Griffiths
Synonyms
  • Opuntia engelmannii var. aciculata Salm-Dyck (Griffiths) Weniger, 1970
  • Opuntia lindheimeri var. aciculata Engelm. (Griffiths) Bravo, 1974
  • Opuntia engelmannii ssp. aciculata (Griffiths) U.Guzmán, comb. et stat. nov.
  • Opuntia tardospina Griffiths

Opuntia aciculata, also called Chenille pricklypear,[1][2][3] old man's whiskers, and cowboy’s red whiskers,[3] is a perennial dicot and an attractive ornamental cactus native to Texas. It belongs to the genus Opuntia prickly pear cacti. It is also widespread in Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (northern Mexico).

It was reported from Nuevo León, Mexico, according to D. Weniger in 1970.[4] The specific name aciculata derives from many sources: the Latin word acicula which means “a small pin for a headdress”, and the adjectival suffix for nouns atus, meaning possessive of or likeness to something (with, shaped, made), while for verb participles it means a completed action. Chenille prickly pear, one of its vernacular names, comes for the fringe of spines around the edge of the pad.[5] The specific name also means "covered with small pins".[6][7]

Description

An illustration of the species

This plant grows numerous stems covered with spines.[8] The stems have segments partly rounded at the apex. They are faded and dull grey-green, more or less glaucous.[6] They measure 10–20 cm in length. The leaves are acicular and ephemeral. The aeroles are often spineless with symmetrical regularity of them on the body.[9] They are large, widely separated.

It has numerous glochids or microspines, 3–12 mm long, acicular, slender, spreading, forming a dense cluster. They are normally golden yellow to dark red in color. It has often no spines, or rarely one to three, which are reflexed. They are of a yellowish or toasted colour with a brownish base, up to 3 cm in length.[6][10] They are often folded and seemingly deciduous.

It has broad, point-tipped blossoms colored golden yellow, orange, or red and of diameter 8–10 cm. Several sources report the flowers as being yellow in color, but the plants in cultivation usually have bright red-orange flowers, and sometimes the centre is greenish. Petals are broad-rounded or retuse, filaments are yellowish and the stigma dull yellowish with eight to 10 green lobes. They mostly flower in early summer or spring. The plant's fruits are usually pear-shaped, covered with fine spines and glochids, and are purple or green.[4][8]

Distribution and habitat

It grows in dry hills mainly on stony outcrops, often in small colonies usually to the exclusion of other plants. It is widespread in southern North America, to the Isthmus of Panama.[11][12] However, it is actually native to Chihuahuan Desert (Texas) and northern Mexico.[5][13]

Ecology

Like its other cactus relatives, this deciduous and succulent species also has it leaves reduced to spines to reduce excess transpiration, which helps it to survive by conserving water in the hot climate of Texas, in southwestern United States, and North Mexico. This adaptation also helps in defending itself from being consumed by any herbivores there.[14] It has the special ability to propagate from woody or softwood stem cuttings. It can even propagate by cuttings of leaf pads at any time in the growing season, allowing the cut surface to callus over before planting. This cactus can survive healthily and produce good many flowers only if it is fully exposed to the sun. They can also tolerate temperatures from −5 to −12 °C.[6]

Uses

The fruits are edible and the soft pads (nopales) can be cooked as vegetables. It also can be used to treat dyspepsia, mumps, or swelling, and in veterinary it is used to treat bruises. After burning of spines, the pads can serve as a good feed for cattle.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Kinsey, T. B. "Opuntia aciculata – Chenille Pricklypear". Southeastern Arizona Wildflowers and the Plants of the Sonoran Desert. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  2. ↑ "Opuntia aciculata". United States Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  3. 1 2 "Opuntia aciculata". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  4. 1 2 "Opuntia aciculata". Flora of North America. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  5. 1 2 Franges, D. S. "Opuntia aciculata". Tucson Gardener. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Cactus Art Nursery. "Opuntia aciculata (Syn: Opuntia engelmannii var. aciculata)".
  7. ↑ "Opuntia aciculata". Cactus Art. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  8. 1 2 Irish, Mary F. (2000). Gardening in the desert:a guide to plant selection and care. University of Arizona Press.: University of Arizona Press. p. 136. ISBN 0-8165-2057-7.
  9. ↑ Amazon.co.uk. "Box Canvas Print of OPUNTIA ACICULATA. SEGMENT SHOWING SYMMETRICAL REGULARITY OF BROWN AEROLES WITH from Garden World Image". Garden World Images. Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
  10. ↑ "Opuntia aciculata" (PDF). Opuntia aciculata, original description.
  11. ↑ Flora of North America. "Opuntia aciculata - Distribution Map". www.eFloras.org.
  12. ↑ Discover Life. "Opuntia aciculata Griffiths 1916 CHENILLE PRICKLY PEAR".
  13. ↑ Arizona State University. "Opuntia aciculata".
  14. ↑ Learn2Grow. "Opuntia aciculata". Learn2Grow.com.
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