Operational historian

Operational historian refers to a complementary set of time-series database applications that are developed for operational process data.[1] Historian software is often embedded or used in conjunction with standard DCS and PLC control systems to provide enhanced data capture, validation, compression, and aggregation capabilities.[2] Historians have been deployed in almost every industry and contribute to functions such as supervisory control, performance monitoring, quality assurance, and, more recently, machine learning applications which can learn from vast quantities of historical data.

These systems were originally developed to capture instrumentation and control data, which led many to use the term "tag" for a stream of process data, referring to the physical "tags" which had been placed on instrumentation for manually capturing data. Raw data may be accessed via OPC HDA, SQL, or REST API interfaces.[3]


Operational Support

Functional manufacturing control levels, historical data is normally recorded at the supervisory level and above.

Operational historians are typically used within the manufacturing facility by engineers and operators for supervisory functions and analysis. An operational historian will typically capture all instrumentation and control data, whereas an enterprise historians that is deployed to support business functions will take a subset of the plant data.

Typically, these applications offer data access through dedicated APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) and SDKs (Software Development Kits) which offer high-performance read and write operations through vendor-specific or custom applications. Front-end tools for trending process data over time are the most common interfaces to these databases.

Because these applications are typically deployed next to or near the source of their process data, these are often marketed and sold as 'real-time database systems.'[4] This distinction varies among vendors who often have to make development choices between performance in capturing and presenting data vs. application and analysis functionality.

Usual challenges the operational historians must address are as follows:

  • data collection from instrumentation and controls,
  • storage and archiving of very large volumes of data,
  • organization of data in the form of "tags" or "points",
  • limit monitoring (alarms) and validation,
  • aggregation and interpolation,
  • and manual data entry (MDE).

Data access

As opposed to enterprise historians, the data access layer in the operational historian is designed to offer sophisticated data fetching modes without complex information analysis facilities. The following settings are typically available for data access operations:

  • Data scope (single point or tag, history based on time range, history based on sample count),
  • Request modes (raw data, last-known value, aggregation, interpolation),
  • Sampling (single point, all points without sampling, all points with interval sampling),
  • Data omission (based on the sample quality, based on the sample value, based on the count).

Even though the operational historians are rarely relational database management systems, they often offer SQL-based interfaces to query the database. In most of such implementations, the dialect does not follow the SQL standard in order to provide syntax for specifying data access operations parameters.

Notable software

Commercial

See also

References

  1. ↑ R. H. (Rick) Meeker, Jr. (13 January 1999). "A Practical Guide to Process Data Historians and Process Information Systems" (PDF). TAPPI. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
  2. ↑ "Globalspec Historian Article". Retrieved 12 Jul 2012.
  3. ↑ "Operational Historian vs Enterprise Historian". Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  4. ↑ Wonderware Historian - Example of naming the operational historian the real-time database
  5. ↑ aspenONE MES Brochure (PDF), Aspen Technology, Inc., 2014, p. 2, retrieved 30 July 2014
  6. ↑ RAPID Data Historian, Automsoft, retrieved 7 September 2017
  7. ↑ Handling time-series data in Polyhedra IMDB, Enea AB, 11 May 2012, retrieved 30 July 2014
  8. ↑ Enterprise Historian, Canary Labs, retrieved 25 July 2018
  9. ↑ CCI Cake Historian, Control Consulting, Inc., retrieved 13 September 2018
  10. ↑ Ovation Process Historian, Emerson Electric Co., retrieved 13 September 2018
  11. ↑ Datasheet: Proficy Historian 5.5 (PDF), GE Intelligent Platforms, Inc., 2013, retrieved 30 July 2014
  12. ↑ EPArchive
  13. ↑ Uniformance PHD Product Information Note (PDF), Honeywell International Inc., 2013, retrieved 30 July 2014
  14. ↑ Hyper Historian
  15. ↑ High-Powered Data Acquisition, Inductive Automation, 2014, retrieved 30 July 2014
  16. ↑ Logging Data with National Instruments Citadel, National Instruments Corp., 19 July 2012, retrieved 30 July 2014
  17. ↑ "Enterprise Historian - Providing Real-Time Access to Critical Data". sw.aveva.com. Retrieved 2018-09-24.
  18. ↑ "Process Data Historian - Wonderware Historian, Time-series Database". sw.aveva.com. Retrieved 2018-09-24.
  19. ↑ SIMATIC Process Historian, Siemens AG, retrieved 13 September 2018
  20. ↑ Exaquantum delivers Production Excellence (PDF), Yokogawa Marex Limited, 2013, retrieved 30 July 2014
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