Operation Prairie Flat

Operation Prairie Flat
Detonation of a 500-short-ton (454 t) spherical surface charge of TNT to evaluate effects of nuclear weapons in the rolling prairie terrain of the test site.
Information
Country Canada
Test site Defence Research Establishment Suffield, Alberta
Coordinates 50°29′5″N 110°41′0″W / 50.48472°N 110.68333°W / 50.48472; -110.68333
Date August 9, 1968
Number of tests 1
Agency Defence Research Board, TTCP
Explosive TNT
Configuration Stacked Sphere
Yield 0.5 kilotons of TNT (2.1 TJ)
Test chronology

Operation Prairie Flat was a test involving the detonation of a 500-short-ton (454 t) spherical surface charge of TNT to evaluate airblast, ground shock and thermal effects of nuclear weapons.[1] Since TNT charges produce roughly double the airburst effect of nuclear weapons, it allowed testing the equivalent of a 1 kiloton of TNT (4.2 TJ) nuclear weapon surface burst. It was a continuation of the technical co-operation (Canada, United States, Great Britain) series of tests sponsored jointly by the respective governments. Similar to previous tests, a large number of projects were carried out simultaneously due to the infrequent opportunity and cost of large explosives tests – the United States alone conducted 39 projects. The resulting airblast also allowed testing various targets at a range of overpressures to verify how structures resist effects of nuclear weapons. These included troop field shelters, fiberglass manholes, foxhole overhead covers, blast valves and electrical generators. Debris fracturing and transport were also tested as part of the effort to understand nuclear blast effects on Nike-X anti-ballistic missile sites.[2] An additional goal of the test was to compare the blast with the previous Distant Plain Event 6 that used an equivalent but smaller 100-short-ton (91 t) configuration in order to study scaling factors.[3]

Test

The test was performed at 11:00 MST on August 9, 1968, at the Watching Hill blast range of the Defence Research Establishment Suffield, a permanent facility able to carry out large HE test up to 500 tons operated by the Defence Research Board. The charge was constructed of 31,676 blocks of TNT of various sizes mainly the 12x12x4 inch typically used in HE tests. Unlike previous 500-ton tests however, the charge was built as a sphere tangent to the ground, which would make it smaller in diameter than the 500-ton hemispheres but equal in yield. Detonation was accomplished with CE/TNT boosters placed in the center. The sphere was supported by styrofoam rings and blocks and once completed resembled a hemisphere atop a cylinder. After detonation, the flame front reached the charge surface in approximately half a second and produced a fireball and destructive overpressures. Debris up to ¾ inch in diameter continued to rain down for almost 8 minutes after detonation in the vicinity of ground zero. The resulting crater measuring 270 feet across filled rapidly with water and was subsequently excavated for studying the ground effects.[1][4]

References

  1. 1 2 Reed, Jack W. (1 February 1969). "Operation PRAIRIE FLAT, Airblast Project LN-106, Microbaragraph Measurements: Distribution of Airblast Amplitudes in the Ozonosphere Sound Rings". Defence Technical Information Center. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  2. ↑ Bell Labs (October 1975). ABM Research and Development at Bell Laboratories, Project History (PDF) (Technical report).
  3. ↑ United States Dept of the Army. Designing Facilities to Resist Nuclear Weapons Effects Hardness Verification. Headquarters, Department of the Army. p. B-16. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  4. ↑ Jones, G.H.S. (7 October 2013). "Operation Prairie Flat Project Officers Report – Project LN 3.01 Crater and Ejecta Study". Defence Research and Development Canada. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
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