Omeljan Pritsak

Omeljian Pritsak
Omeljian Pritsak
Native name	Омеля́н Йо́сипович Пріца́к
Born	7 April 1919; Luka, Sambir County, West Ukrainian People's Republic
Died	29 May 2006; Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Residence	Ukraine, Germany, U.S.
Nationality	Ukrainian
Citizenship	American
Occupation	Academic, professor, historian, linguist, medievalist
Known for	First Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of Ukrainian History at Harvard University, founder and first director of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, founder of the journal Harvard Ukrainian Studies, founder of the Oriental Institute of the National Academy of Sciences in Kyiv, founder of the journal Skhidnyi svit (The Oriental World)
Academic background
Education	Polish “First Gymnasium” of Ternopil’, University of Lviv, Shevchenko Scientific Society, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Kyiv, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Göttingen
Alma mater	University of Göttingen, Harvard University
Academic advisors	Ivan Krypiakevych, Ahatanhel Yukhymovych Krymsky
Influences	Roman Jakobson, Viacheslav Lypynsky
Academic work
Era	20th century
Discipline	Medieval studies, Ukrainian history
Institutions	University of Hamburg, University of Washington, Harvard University
Main interests	Oriental, especially Turkic, sources for the history of Kyivan Rus'
Notable works	The Origin of Rus'

Omeljan Pritsak (Ukrainian: Омеля́н Пріца́к; 7 April 1919, Luka, Sambir County, West Ukrainian People's Republic – 29 May 2006, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.) was the first Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of Ukrainian History at Harvard University and the founder and first director (1973–1989) of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.^[1]

Career

From 1921 till 1936 he lived in Ternopil, where he graduated the state Polish gymnasium.^[2] Pritsak began his academic career at the University of Lviv in interwar Poland where he studied Middle Eastern languages under local orientalists and became associated with the Shevchenko Scientific Society and attended its seminar on Ukrainian history led by Ivan Krypiakevych. After the Soviet annexation of Galicia, he moved to Kiev where he briefly studied with the premier Ukrainian orientalist, Ahatanhel Krymsky. During the war, Pritsak escaped to the west. He studied at the universities in Berlin and Göttingen, receiving a doctorate from the latter, before teaching at the University of Hamburg. In the 1960s, he moved to the United States, where he taught at the University of Washington for a while, before moving to Harvard at the invitation of the prominent linguist, Roman Jakobson, who was interested in proving the authenticity of the twelfth century "Song of Igor" through the use of oriental sources. At Harvard, he founded the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute (1973), became the first Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of Ukrainian History (1975), and started the journal, Harvard Ukrainian Studies (1977). In 1989, he retired from his Harvard professorship. After the emergence of an independent Ukraine in 1991, Pritsak returned to Kiev where he founded the Oriental Institute of the National Academy of Sciences and the journal Skhidnyi svit (The Oriental World). He spent his final years back in the United States and died in Boston at the age of 87.^[1]^[3]

Main interests

Pritsak was a medievalist who specialized in the use of oriental,^[1] especially Turkic, sources for the history of Kyivan Rus', early modern Ukraine, and the European Steppe region. He was also a student of Old Norse and was familiar with Scandinavian sources for the history of Kyivan Rus'. His magnum opus, The Origin of Rus', only one volume of which has appeared in English (1981), inclines toward, but does not totally adopt, a Normanist interpretation of Rus' origins. He saw Kyivan Rus' as a multi-ethnic polity.^[2]^[4]

In addition to the early Rus', Pritsak's works focused on Eurasian nomads and steppe empires such as those created by the Bulgars, Khazars, Pechenegs, and Kipchaks. However, he firmly rejected the "Eurasian" approach to Ukrainian and Russian history and would have nothing to do with its Russian nationalist postulates.

Ukrainian historian

Unlike his predecessors Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Dmytro Doroshenko, and Ivan Krypiakevych, who wrote national histories or histories of the Ukrainian people, Pritsak followed the Ukrainian historian of Polish background, Viacheslav Lypynsky, in proposing the ideal of writing a "territorialist" history of Ukraine that would include the Polish, Turkic, and other peoples who have inhabited the country from ancient times. This idea was later taken up by his younger contemporary Paul Magocsi, who was for some time an associate of the Harvard Ukrainian Institute.

Pritsak sought to improve quality and extent of Ukrainian studies at Harvard University. He supported establishing three different chairs for Ukrainian studies in the university: Ukrainian history, Ukrainian literature and Ukrainian philology.^[5]

Politics

Pritsak was a political conservative and during his youth in eastern Galicia under the Polish Republic, and later also during the Cold War was a supporter of the conservative "Hetmanite" or monarchist movement among Ukrainians. This led him to criticize Hrushevsky's political radicalism and historical populism, although, ironically, he claimed that Hrushevsky's "school" of history was being continued at Harvard. Also during the Cold War, Pritsak became prominent in the movement towards Ukrainian-Jewish reconciliation. Pritsak often was invited to brief Pope John Paul II on developments in Central and Eastern Europe.^[3]

Published works

The origins of the Old Rus' weights and monetary systems: Two studies in Western Eurasian metrology and numismatics in the seventh to eleventh centuries. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 1998.
From Kievan Rus' to modern Ukraine: Formation of the Ukrainian nation (with Mykhailo Hrushevski and John Stephen Reshetar). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ukrainian Studies Fund, Harvard University, 1984.
Khazarian Hebrew documents of the tenth century. (with Golb, Norman Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982.
"The Polovcians and Rus'" (Journal Article in Archivum Eurasiae medii aevi), 1982.
The origin of Rus'. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 1981.
Studies in medieval Eurasian history London: Variorum Reprints, 1981.
On the writing of history in Kievan Rus. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ukrainian Studies Fund, Harvard University, 1980.
"The Khazar Kingdom's Conversion to Judaism." (Journal Article in Harvard Ukrainian studies, 1978)
The Pechenegs: A Case of Social and Economic Transformation (Journal Article in Archivum Eurasiae medii aevi), 1975
"Two Migratory Movements in the Eurasian Steppe in the 9th-11th Centuries". (Conference Paper in Proceedings : Proceedings of the 26th International Congress of Orientalists, New Delhi 1964, Vol. 2)
The Decline of the Empire of the Oghuz Yabghu (Journal Article in Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the United States), 1952.
Die Bulgarische Fürstenliste, Wiesbaden 1955.

References

1 2 3 Woloschuk, Peter T. (11 June 2006). "Omeljan Pritsak, scholar of Ukrainian, Turkic studies, 87". Obituary. The Ukrainian Weekly. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
1 2 Flier, Michael S.; Frye, Richard N.; Grabowicz, George G.; Szporluk, Roman; Keenan, Edward L. (14 May 2009). "Omeljan Pritsak". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
1 2 "Omeljan Pritsak, 87, professor, linguist". The Washington Times. July 27, 2006. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
↑ "Omeljan Pritsak « Інститут сходознавства". oriental-studies.org.ua. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
↑ https://archive.org/stream/journalofukraini3334cana/journalofukraini3334cana_djvu.txt