Oligomycin

Oligomycin A
Names
	IUPAC name (1R,4E,5'S,6S,6'S,7R,8S,10R,11R,12S,14R,15S,16R,18E,20E,22R,25S,27R,28S,29R)-22-ethyl-7,11,14,15-tetrahydroxy-6'-[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethyl-3',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-3H,9H,13H-spiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-pyran]-3,9,13-trione
	Other names Oligomycin
Identifiers
CAS Number	1404-19-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	21106358 ;
EC Number	215-767-9
MeSH	Oligomycins
PubChem CID	6450197;
RTECS number	RK3325000
	InChI InChI=1S/C46H76O11/c1-13-34-18-16-14-15-17-28(4)42(51)45(12,54)43(52)32(8)40(50)31(7)39(49)30(6)38(48)27(3)19-22-37(47)55-41-29(5)35(21-20-34)56-46(33(41)9)24-23-26(2)36(57-46)25-44(10,11)53/h14-16,18-19,22,26-36,38,40-42,48,50-51,53-54H,13,17,20-21,23-25H2,1-12H3/b15-14+,18-16-,22-19+/t26-,27-,28+,29+,30+,31-,32-,33-,34+,35?,36-,38-,40+,41+,42+,45+,46-/m1/s1 Key: QBAMBSAJEFIQBK-GJHUHQBXSA-N ; InChI=1S/C46H76O11/c1-13-34-18-16-14-15-17-28(4)42(51)45(12,54)43(52)32(8)40(50)31(7)39(49)30(6)38(48)27(3)19-22-37(47)55-41-29(5)35(21-20-34)56-46(33(41)9)24-23-26(2)36(57-46)25-44(10,11)53/h14-16,18-19,22,26-36,38,40-42,48,50-51,53-54H,13,17,20-21,23-25H2,1-12H3/b15-14+,18-16-,22-19+/t26-,27-,28+,29+,30+,31-,32-,33-,34+,35?,36-,38-,40+,41+,42+,45+,46-/m1/s1 Key: QBAMBSAJEFIQBK-GJHUHQBXBC; Key: QBAMBSAJEFIQBK-GJHUHQBXSA-N;
	SMILES C[C@](C)(O)C[C@H]1O[C@@]2(CC[C@H]1C)O[C@H]3CC[C@@H](CC)/C=C\C=C\C[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@](C)(O)C(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)/C=C/C(=O)O[C@H]([C@H]2C)[C@H]3C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C45H74O11
Molar mass	791.062 g/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet	MSDS at Fermentek
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Oligomycins are macrolides created by Streptomyces that can be poisonous to other organisms.

Function

They have use as antibiotics.

Oligomycin A is an inhibitor of ATP synthase. In oxidative phosphorylation research, it is used to prevent state 3 (phosphorylating) respiration. Oligomycin A inhibits ATP synthase by blocking its proton channel (Fo subunit), which is necessary for oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP (energy production). The inhibition of ATP synthesis by oligomycin A will significantly reduce electron flow through the electron transport chain; however, electron flow is not stopped completely due to a process known as proton leak or mitochondrial uncoupling.^[1] This process is due to facilitated diffusion of protons into the mitochondrial matrix through an uncoupling protein such as thermogenin, or UCP1.

Administering oligomycin to an individual can result in very high levels of lactate accumulating in the blood and urine.

**Oligomycins**^[2]

	R¹	R²	R³	R⁴	R⁵
Oligomycin A	CH₃	H	OH	H,H	CH₃
Oligomycin B	CH₃	H	OH	O	CH₃
Oligomycin C	CH₃	H	H	H,H	CH₃
Oligomycin D (Rutamycin A)	H	H	OH	H,H	CH₃
Oligomycin E	CH₃	OH	OH	O	CH₃
Oligomycin F	CH₃	H	OH	H,H	CH₂CH₃
Rutamycin B	H	H	H	H,H	CH₃
44-Homooligomycin A	CH₂CH₃	H	OH	H,H	CH₃
44-Homooligomycin B	CH₂CH₃	H	OH	O	CH₃

References

↑ Jastroch M, Divakaruni AS, Mookerjee S, Treberg JR, Brand MD (2010). "Mitochondrial proton and electron leaks". Essays in biochemistry. 47 (1): 53–67. doi:10.1042/bse0470053. PMC 3122475. PMID 20533900.
↑ Nakata, Masaya; Ishiyama, Takashi; Akamatsu, Shinichi; Hirose, Youichi; Maruoka, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Rika; Tatsuta, Kuniaki (1995). "Synthetic studies on oligomycins. Synthesis of the oligomycin B spiroketal and polypropionate portions". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 68 (3): 967–89. doi:10.1246/bcsj.68.967.

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[1] Jastroch M, Divakaruni AS, Mookerjee S, Treberg JR, Brand MD (2010). "Mitochondrial proton and electron leaks". Essays in biochemistry. 47 (1): 53–67. doi:10.1042/bse0470053. PMC 3122475. PMID 20533900.

[2] Nakata, Masaya; Ishiyama, Takashi; Akamatsu, Shinichi; Hirose, Youichi; Maruoka, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Rika; Tatsuta, Kuniaki (1995). "Synthetic studies on oligomycins. Synthesis of the oligomycin B spiroketal and polypropionate portions". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 68 (3): 967–89. doi:10.1246/bcsj.68.967.