Ohrid–Debar uprising

Ohrid–Debar uprising
Part of the aftermath of the Second Balkan War
Date23 September 1913–7 October 1913
LocationOhrid and Debar, Kingdom of Serbia (now R. Macedonia)
Result Suppression of uprising
Belligerents
IMRO
Kachaks
Supported by:
Albania
  Serbia
Commanders and leaders
Isa Boletini
Petar Chaulev
Milan Matov
Pavel Hristov
Anton Shibakov		 Radomir Putnik
Units involved
IMRO
Kachaks		 Serbian Army
Strength
  • 6–10,000 Albanians

The Ohrid–Debar uprising (Macedonian: Охридско-Дебaрско вoстание, translit. Ohridsko-Debarsko vostanie; Bulgarian: Охридско-Дебърско въстание, translit. Ohridsko-Debarsko vastanie) was an uprising in Western Macedonia, then Kingdom of Serbia, in September 1913. It was organized by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) and Albania against the Serbian capture of the regions of Ohrid, Debar and Struga after the Balkan Wars (1912–13).

Background

The IMRO had discussions with the Albanian revolutionary committee of Sefedin Pustina at Elbasan, Albania, between 12 and 17 August 1913.[1] It was agreed that an uprising would be started against Serbia.[1] A directive dated 21 August planned for a new struggle against Serbia and Greece in Vardar Macedonia and Aegean Macedonia.[2] The IMRO leadership decided for a rebellion in Bitola, Ohrid and Debar, and rallied Petar Chaulev, Pavel Hristov, Milan Matov, Hristo Atanasov, Nestor Georgiev, Anton Shibakov, and others in those regions.[2]


Events

The rebellion started only two months after the end of the Second Balkan War. The Albanian government organised armed resistance and 6,000 Albanians under the command of Isa Boletini, the Minister of War, crossed the frontier.[3] After an engagement with Serbian forces the Albanian forces took Debar and then marched, together with a Bulgarian band led by Petar Chaoulev,[3] Milan Matov and Pavel Hristov expelled the Serbian army and officials, creating a front line 15 km east of Ohrid. However, another band was checked with loss at Mavrovo. Within a few days they captured the towns of Gostivar, Struga and Ohrid, expelling the Serbian troops. At Ohrid they set up a local government and held the hills towards Resen for four days.[3]

CEIP report

According to the International Commission of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace report, a Serbian army of 100,000 regulars suppressed the uprising. Thousands were killed, and tens of thousands fled to Bulgaria and Albania. Many Bulgarians were imprisoned or shot, a number of Albanian and Bulgarian villages were burned. The number of ethnic Albanian refugees from Macedonia was 25,000.[4]

Legacy

After interethnic conflict in Macedonia, recently, Macedonian and Albanian historians have come together to discuss their joint struggle against their imagined common enemy. The 1913 rebellion was the subject of a 2013 conference.[5]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Institut za nacionalna istorija 2000, p. 72.
  2. 1 2 Razsukanov 1998.
  3. 1 2 3 Pearson 2004, p. ?.
  4. ↑ Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, published by the Endowment Washington, D.C. 1914, p. 182
  5. ↑ Denise Bentrovato; Karina V. Korostelina; Martina Schulze (10 October 2016). History Can Bite: History Education in Divided and Postwar Societies. V&R unipress GmbH. pp. 123–. ISBN 978-3-8471-0608-1.

Sources

  • Pearson, Owen (2004). Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume I: Albania and King Zog, 1908-39. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-013-0.
  • Institut za nacionalna istorija (2000). Историја на македонскиот народ. Институт за национална историја. ISBN 978-9989-624-52-0.
  • Rudić, Srđan; Milkić, Miljan, eds. (2013). Balkanski ratovi 1912-1913: Nova viđenja i tumačenja [The Balkan Wars 1912/1913: New Viеws and Interpretations]. Istorijski institut & Institut za strategijska istrazivanja. ISBN 978-86-7743-103-7.
    • Bjelajac, Mile. ...1913. pp. 311–332.
  • Yosif Razsukanov (16 September 1998). "85 години от Охриско-Дебърското въстание" [85 Years since the Ohrid-Debar Uprising]. Македония [Macedonia] (33).
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