ORACLE (teletext)

ORACLE
Broadcast area National UK
First airdate from 1978
Closed 31 December 1992
Replaced by Teletext
Owned by ITV
A typical ORACLE page, here showing news from ITN.

ORACLE (from "Optional Reception of Announcements by Coded Line Electronics") was a commercial teletext service first broadcast on the ITV network in the mid-late 1970s and later on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom, finally ending on both channels at 23:59 UTC on 31 December 1992.

History

It was developed and launched by a consortium backed by the Independent Broadcasting Authority at about the same time as the BBC's Ceefax service. Due to the lack of available receivers, exact launch dates have been left obscure. Receivers became popular around 1980.

In Britain ORACLE, ITV's teletext service, was launched as a new advertising medium on 1 September 1981 with 180,000 teletext sets in the country. By the following year there were then 450,000 sets in the UK and that number was projected to rise to nearly three million at the end of 1985 and confident predictions of advertising revenues as high as $90 million (£50 million).[1][2]

ORACLE moved away from being an experimental engineering department and more towards being a content provider. Under the original plans for the ITV franchise renewal, they were to have been scrapped at the end of 1992 and the few scan lines they used given to the highest bidder. ORACLE successfully campaigned for the creation of a franchise for the teletext service on ITV and Channel 4, only to find themselves outbid by Teletext Ltd., a consortium originally comprising Associated Newspapers, Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. and Media Ventures International, who started broadcasting at midnight on New Year's Day 1993.

In-vision broadcasts

At various times of the day, ORACLE pages were broadcast in vision, albeit mostly on Channel 4, although occasionally pages were shown during the night on ITV.

Channel 4

4-Tel on View

Shown between 1983 and January 1997, 4-Tel on View was a magazine featuring previews of the day’s Channel 4’s programmes as well as back-up information and other features, such as the adventures of a dog called 4-T. From 1983 to the start of breakfast television in April 1989, the 4-Tel magazine ran for 15 minutes and was repeated several times each day. Following the start of breakfast television, however, 4-Tel on View was shown in a single block before the start of programmes. Even though ORACLE lost its franchise on 31 December 1992, 4-Tel on View continued to be shown and from 1 January 1993 until Channel 4 started 24-hour broadcasting in January 1997, 4-Tel on View was shown throughout Channel 4’s entire closedown period.[3][4][5]

Oracle on View

Between 1983 and 1989, Channel 4 broadcast pages from the ORACLE service on air. Shown in 15 minute bursts, and alternating with 4-Tel on View and showings of the ETP-1 testcard, the pages were seen during the day when Channel 4 was not broadcasting actual programmes. Initially, the pages shown were from one aspect of the ORACLE service with the subject matter changing every so often. In September 1987, Oracle on View became a news service, adopting this format at the same time that Channel 4 expanded its broadcast hours to accommodate the transfer of ITV Schools to Channel 4. Oracle on View ended when Channel 4 started broadcasting breakfast television.

ITV

Jobfinder

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, many ITV companies broadcast job vacancies and related information during overnight periods and the service was provided by broadcasting the relevant ORACLE page in-vision. Central was the first company to do this, beginning in April 1986, with Yorkshire following suit in January 1987. By late 1988, all of ITV was broadcasting a 24-hour service and many ITV companies introduced a Jobfinder service at this point, broadcasting the pages between 4am and 5am, later 4:30am to 5:30am. By the mid-2000s, however, all of the Jobfinder services had ended.[6]

Daybreak

For a short period in 1987, prior to the start of 24-hour broadcasting on ITV, a selection of teletext pages were broadcast in-vision prior to the start of TV-am. These pages mostly consisted of news and information about TV-am.

The end

The end of the disappearance process of the ORACLE teletext service at 23:56:04 GMT[7] on 31 December 1992, where in the middle, only the text ‘ORACLE gone 1978-1992’ appears together with a white square in the center.

ORACLE began to disappear at 23:31:09 on 31 December 1992, with the outer border of pixels turning black. This process continued until 23:55:55 when only a white square was left, with the text ORACLE gone 1978-1992. It was then replaced by the service from Teletext Ltd. ORACLE did not carry television listings beyond its midnight closing time on New Year's Eve 1992. It merely stated "00:00 the end of Oracle, now the nightmare begins.".

Additional images

See also

  • Park Avenue, a teletext based soap which appeared on ORACLE for several years written by Robbie Burns and Steve Regan.

References

  1. ↑ Metzgen, H (1982). "Key to the Information Revolution". Videoitex '82: 38.
  2. ↑ Metzgen, H (1986). "New Teletext". Videoitex User '86: 229.
  3. ↑ 4-Tel Pages 23 December 1989, which includes The Christmas Adventures of 4-T
  4. ↑ Channel 4 Closedown & 4-Tel on View Pages 28 March 1994
  5. ↑ Channel 4 Closedown & 4-Tel on View Pages 7 April 1996
  6. ↑ TV Live: ITV Night Time
  7. 1 2 Robertson, Jason (31 December 2017). "Changing the page". Transdiffusion. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.