Nycteribiidae

Nycteribiidae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Superfamily: Hippoboscoidea
Family: Nycteribiidae
Samouelle, 1819
Subfamilies

3, see text

Nycteribiidae of the true fly superfamily Hippoboscoidea are known as "bat flies", together with their close relatives the Streblidae. As the latter do not seem to be a monophyletic group, it is conceivable not to unite all bat flies in a single family.[1]

They are flattened, spiderlike flies without eyes or wings, and are seldom encountered by general collectors, as they almost never leave the bodies of their hosts. Both males and females take blood meals, thus they qualify as real parasites. Most species are highly host-specific. The family is primarily found in the Old World tropics; a few of the 274[2] known species occur in the Neotropics and in Europe.

Genera

  • Subfamily Archinycteribiinae Maa, 1975
  • Subfamily Cyclopodiinae Maa, 1965
  • Basilia Miranda Ribeiro, 1903
  • Hershkovitzia Guimarães & d'Andretta, 1956
  • Nycteribia Latreille, 1796
  • Penicillidia Kolenati, 1863
  • Phthiridium Hermann, 1804
  • Stereomyia Theodor, 1967[2]
  • Stylidia Westwood, 1840

Morphology

One of the key morphological feature of Nycteribiidae is their highly reduced compound eyes. Many species of Nycteribiidae contain no visible eyes or contain only rudimentary eye spots. None of the species contain wings. They have backward folded legs that resemble spiders and a dorsally inserted head.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Frederik Torp Petersen; Rudolf Meier; Sujatha Narayanan Kutty; Brian M. Wiegmann (2007). "The phylogeny and evolution of host choice in the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) as reconstructed using four molecular markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 45 (1): 111–122. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.023. PMID 17583536.
  2. 1 2 Gustavo Graciolli & Carl W. Dick (October 22, 2008). "Checklist of World Nycteribiidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea)" (PDF). Field Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 13, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
  3. ↑ Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H., Marion Kotrba, and Robert S. Copeland. "Further details of the morphology of the enigmatic African fly Mormotomyia hirsuta Austen (Diptera: Mormotomyiidae)." African Invertebrates 52.1 (2011): 145-165.

Further reading

  • Dick, C. W., & Patterson, B. D. (2006). Bat flies: obligate ectoparasites of bats. In Micromammals and macroparasites. Tokyo: Springer. pp. 179-194.
  • Bertola, P.B.; Aires, C.C.; Favorito, S.E.; Graciolli, G.; Amaku, M. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2005). "Bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae, Nycteribiidae) parasitic on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Parque Estadual da Cantareira, São Paulo, Brazil: parasitism rates and host-parasite associations" (PDF). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 100 (1): 25–32. doi:10.1590/S0074-02762005000100005.
  • Graciolli, G. & Moura, M.O. (2005). "Basilia quadrosae sp. nov. (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), member of the ferruginea group, from southern Brazil" (PDF excerpt). Zootaxa. 1087: 33–38.
  • Graciolli, G.; Passos, F.C.; Pedro, W.A. & Lim, B.K. (200). "Records of Streblidae and Nycteribiidae (Diptera) on vespertilionid bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from São Paulo State, Brazil". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 110 (3): 402–404. doi:10.1664/0028-7199(2002)110[402:ROSAND]2.0.CO;2. HTML abstract
  • Graciolli, G.; Dick, C.W. & Gettinger, D. (2006). "A faunal survey of nycteribiid flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) associated with bats in Paraguay" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1220: 35–46.
  • Graciolli, G.; Autino, A.G. & Claps, G.L. (2007). "Catalogue of American Nycteribiidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea)" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 51 (2): 142–159. doi:10.1590/S0085-56262007000200004.
  • Haelewaters, D., Pfliegler, W. P., Szentiványi, T., Földvári, M., Sándor, A. D., Barti, L., ... & Dick, C. W. (2017). "Parasites of parasites of bats: Laboulbeniales (Fungi: Ascomycota) on bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) in central Europe". Parasites & Vectors. 10(1): 96. doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2022-y.
  • Szentiványi T., Estók P., Földvári M. (2016). "Checklist of host associations of European bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae, Streblidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 4205(2): 101–126. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4205.2.1.
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