Armed Revolutionary Nuclei

Armed Revolutionary Nuclei
Nuceli Armati Rivoluzionari
Leader(s) Valerio Fioravanti
Dates of operation 1977 (1977)–1981 (1981)
Active region(s) Italy
Ideology Neo-Fascism
Far-right extremism[1]

The Armed Revolutionary Nuclei (Italian: Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari), abbreviated NAR, was an Italian neofascist militant organization active from 1977 to November 1981. It committed 33 murders in four years, and had planned to assassinate Francesco Cossiga, Gianfranco Fini and Adolfo Urso. The group maintained close links with the Banda della Magliana, a Rome-based criminal organization, which provided such logistical support as lodging, false papers, weapons, and bombs to the NAR. In November 1981, it was discovered that the NAR hid weapons in the basements of the Health Ministry. The first trial against them sentenced 53 persons on 2 May 1985 on charges of terrorist activities.[2][3]

Members

The NAR were directed by former RAI child actor, Valerio Fioravanti, his brother Cristiano Fioravanti, Dario Pedretti, Francesca Mambro and Alessandro Alibrandi, who were previous militants of the Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI).[4]

Other important members included: Luigi Ciavardini, Gilberto Cavallini, Stefano Soderini, Franco Anselmi, Giorgio Vale, Massimo Carminati, Claudio Bracci, Stefano Bracci, Mario Corsi detto "Marione" (Big Mario), Stefano Tiraboschi, Lino Lai, Paolo Pizzonia, Patrizio Trochei, Walter Sordi, Marco Mario Massimi, Pasquale Belsito, Fiorenzo Trincanato, Andrea Vian.

In 1980, NAR member Giorgio Vale became the leader of Terza Posizione, which was used as a front for the NAR.

Actions

1980 Bologna massacre

NAR members Valerio Fioravanti and Francesca Mambro have been sentenced as responsible for the 1980 bombing of the Bologna main train station which killed 85 people. Three days after that bombing Fioravanti and Mambro robbed an arms dealer in Rome.[5]

Weapons cache in the Health Ministry

On 25 November 1981, Italian authorities discovered a weapons cache in the basements of the Health Ministry. According to the Magliana pentito, Maurizio Abbatino, NAR member Massimo Carminati was the only one who could freely access the weapons cache. Massimo Carminati not only held close links with the Banda della Magliana, but also with SISMI secret agents, in particular General Pietro Musumeci and colonel Giuseppe Belmonte, a member of the Propaganda Due Masonic lodge.

Assassinations

On 23 June 1980, NAR members Gilberto Cavallini and Luigi Ciavardini (who was later sentenced to a 30-year prison term in 2007 for his role in the 1980 Bologna bombings)[6] assassinated magistrate Mario Amato. Amato had been made responsible for investigations into the radical right in Italy after the assassination of judge Vittorio Occorsio on 10 July 1976. The two NAR members were also responsible for the earlier slaying of Francesco Evangelista on 28 May 1980.[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Andrea Colombo, Storia Nera, Cairo, 2007, ISBN 88-6052-091-6.
  2. ↑ NAR: lo spontaneismo armato neofascista
  3. ↑ Fioravanti e lo spontaneismo armato dei NAR
  4. ↑ NAR: “spostati” o figli (il)legittimi del Movimento Sociale Italiano? Una replica da lontano al Fatto Quotidiano, Fascinazione, December 08, 2014 (in Italian)
  5. ↑ Tassinari, 2008, p. 626
  6. ↑ Strage di Bologna, 30 anni a Ciavardini - Cassazione conferma la condanna all'ex Nar, La Repubblica, 11 April 2007 (in Italian)
  7. ↑ Arrestato l'estremista nero Ciavardini per una rapina a mano armata, La Repubblica, October 10, 2006 (in Italian)
  • Tassinari, Ugo Maria (2008). Fascisteria. Sperling & Kupfer. ISBN 88-200-4449-8.

Further reading

  • Combs, Cindy C.; Slann, Martin W. (2009). Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition. Infobase Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-4381-1019-6.
  • Nash, Jay Robert (1998). Terrorism in the 20th Century: A Narrative Encyclopedia From the Anarchists, through the Weathermen, to the Unabomber. M. Evans. p. 374. ISBN 978-1-4617-4769-7.
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