Novocherkassk Museum of the History of the Don Cossacks

Novocherkassk Museum of the History of the Don Cossacks is a museum collection of the Cossacks' culture. It was organized in 1886, by the commission for the installation of the Don Museum. It includes five museum complexes: the main building, the Ataman Palace, the Memorial House Museums of Artists MB Grekov, II Krylov, and the Exhibition Hall (94 Budennovskaya Street). The collection of the museum includes 150 thousand items of storage [1]. At the museum there are always public associations: "Krylovsky Fridays", "Literary drawing room", children's creative studio, historical club of schoolchildren "Heritage" [2].

History

The collection of the museum began to gather from the end of the 18th century, when the First National School was opened in the ataman Alexey Ivanovich Ilovaysky, in Cherkassk (Starocherkasskaya), with it a museum with a natural history department and a rich collection of bones of "antediluvian animals" , which were extracted by fishermen from the Don. At the opening of the gymnasium in Novocherkassk, part of the collection was transferred to it. At the same time, under the regional administration of the Don Army, the Drevleshranilishche was built, where archaeological finds and bones of fossil animals were housed. The "Room of Regalia and Kleynods" was organized, where the letters of the Kings of the Don Army were kept, signs of atamans' dignity, banners, etc. Citizens were allowed to inspect the "treasury" on Sundays.[1]

In 1886-1887, a commission was established to set up the Don Museum under the chairmanship of the assistant ataman for the civilian part of I. M. Dobrynin.

In 1894, the construction of a building for the museum began on the project of Academician AA Yashchenko, in which the museum is located today. The construction was initially carried out on public donations. It was collected 30 000 rubles, but this amount was not enough, and the Military Council allocated another 45 000 rubles to complete the work.[2]

November 22, 1899, the opening of the Don Museum. The museum included six branches:

  • prehistoric
  • historical
  • natural history
  • historical archive and the separation of military regalia
  • historical library.

The first director and one of the founders of the museum was Popov Khariton Ivanovich.[3]

Originally, the creation of a historical and archaeological museum was planned, but VA Vagner, the manager of the "Mountain and Salt Parts" of the Don Military Region, transferred to the museum a scientific collection from the Donetsk Coal Basin in 14 walnut case windows with drawers for samples, as well as minerals and fossils from other regions of Russia. These collections occupied the left wing of the lower floor. Later, E. G. Bokov handed over to the museum a collection of birds and an agricultural exhibition. N. A. Borodin handed over a collection of Don and Azov fish.

The museum opened to the public (free of charge) on Sundays.

In 1918-1920, Kh. I. Popov left the museum, the exposition was reduced, an art department was opened in it. Part of the exposition was taken out and disappeared. From the samples of the geological catalog (on 78 pages) until 1960, practically nothing came to this.[4]

In February 1941, the Don Museum was reorganized into the Museum of the History of the Don Cossacks. During the occupation during the Great Patriotic War, the city managed to preserve the most valuable items and collections. After the liberation of Novocherkassk, the museum continued its work.

In 1946, 2726 objects from the values of the Don Museum, evacuated abroad in 1920, were returned from the Prague National Museum. At the same time, in the mid-1940s a collection of paintings by Nikolay Dubovskoy, bequeathed to him by his native city, was transferred to the museum, consisting both of his own works and of the works of the Peredvizhniki artists. And earlier the museum's funds were replenished with works of the Don landscape painter I.I. Krylov.

In 1957, 1979 and 1989, the memorial house museums of artists Mitrofan Borisovich Grekov, Ivan Ivanovich Krylov, and the poet V.G. Kalmykov were created at the museum. In September 2005 a new museum was opened - the Ataman Palace.[2]

Composition

In the main building of the museum are the collections of military Cossack Kleinods and military and regimental banners of the XVIII-XIX centuries; Cossack military and household costume XIX-early XX centuries; award-winning, salved weapons, as well as cold and firearms; letters of commendation, documents of the military chancellery and stanitsa boards; a vast collection of paintings (one of the largest and most significant in the Rostov region): the Don parsun portrait of the late XVIII-early XIX century; portraits of atamans of the Don Army; a military Cossack portrait; a collection of works by artists-Wanderers, the Imperial portrait and Western European painting. There are significant rare books and newspaper funds.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 Богачёв В. В. Донской музей в Новочеркасске. 1960. 7 с. (Рукопись в РАН).
  2. 1 2 "www.doncossacks.ru". www.doncossacks.ru. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  3. ↑ "Попов Харитон Иванович". donlib.ru/memorable-dates.
  4. ↑ Богачёв В. В. Донской музей в Новочеркасске. 1960. С. 5-7.

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