Nikolai Shamalov

Nikolai Shamalov
Born (1950-01-24) 24 January 1950
Belarus
Residence Moscow
Citizenship Russian
Occupation dentist, businessman
Net worth US$ 500 million (2011)[1]
Children Yuri Shamalov
Kirill Shamalov

Nikolai Terent'yevich Shamalov, Nikolai Terent'evich Shamalov or Nikolai Terentievich Shamalov (Russian: Николай Терентьевич Шамалов;born January 24, 1950, Belarus) is a dentist, a Russian businessman, and a founding member of Ozero.[2] His nickname is Professor Filip Filippovich Preobrazhensky (Russian: Профессор Филипп Филиппович Преображенский) or the “Professor of the Transfiguration,” who was the central character that transforms from a stray dog into a New Soviet man in Mikhail Bulgakov’s Heart of a Dog.[3]

Education

Shamalov is a dentist/physician by training. He is fluent in German.[4]

Career

Until the 1990s, Nikolai Shamalov worked as a dentist in Leningrad.[4]

In 1994, he founded the company Masterdentservis (Russian: «Мастердентсервис») in Leningrad.[4]

Nikolai Shamalov was a representative of Siemens in St. Petersburg from 1992-2008 selling medical equipment for Siemens Medical Systems.[2][4][5] According to Sergei Kolesnikov, Shamalov refused to answer questions by Siemens internal investigators about money laundering, corruption, and bribery.[lower-alpha 1] This led to Shamalov's dismissal from Siemens.[2][6][7]

From 1993 to 1995, he worked in the Committee on External Relations of the St. Petersburg Mayor's Office. Vladimir Putin was his boss.[8][9][lower-alpha 2]

In January 1992, AOZT/ZAO Petromed was founded with 51% of its shares owned by the Saint Petersburg's Committee on External Relations (KVS) which Putin headed, 39% of its shares owned by the Center for International Cooperation which is headed by Dmitri Gorelov, and 10% of its shares owned by the Saint Petersburg Committee on Health.[11] Andrey Kolesnikov, a biophysicist from the Polytechnic Institute, formed a cooperative to manufacture medical equipment for Petromed.[11] In 1993, Nikolai Shamalov was hired by Putin as the Petromed's purchasing agent for Siemens medical equipment from Germany instead of buying from Kolesnikov's cooperative's Russian manufactured equipment.[11] Over many years, Petromed received state funds for the purchase of medical equipment, but Putin also demanded that Russian oligarchs make charitable contributions to Petromed for the purchase of medical equipment.[11][12][13] However, Shamalov greatly inflated the purchase price of the medical equipment and then funneled 33% of the money to offshore accounts.[12][13][14][15] After Vladimir Yakovlev, who was the Governor of Saint Petersburg, became a very outspoken critic of Petromed, Putin, and coruption, Gorelev and Kolesnikov bought out the Saint Petersburg Committee on Health portion of Petromed and became the only two owners of Petromed.[16] Later, Gorelov, Kolesnikov, and Shamalov used the funneled money, which they obtained as overcharges to Petromed, to purchase shares in Rossiya Bank, Vyborg Shipyard, and other entities.[16][12][13]

On November 10, 1996, he was a founding member of Vladimir Putin's closed gate community, the cooperative Ozero.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] As of 2016, Shamalov has remained a member of the cooperative Ozero.[24]

In 2004, he, Yuri Kovalchuk, and Dmitry Vladimirovich Gorelov became co-owners of Bank Rossiya.[5] Shamalov has the second largest stake in Bank Rossiya.[23]

On October 18, 2005, he, Sergei Kolesnikov, and Gorelov founded Rosinvest.[25][lower-alpha 3] Using money that Shamalov had funneled from Petromed to offshore accounts[lower-alpha 4] and money that was from the Russian state treasury, this company built the health resort in Gelendzhik known as "Putin's Palace" which was part of "project south" (Russian: Проекту Юг).[5][12][13][14][22][29] To finance "Putin's Palace", Nikolai Shamalov's expertise in selling medical equipment through Siemens in St Petersburg was essential in obtaining several hundreds of millions of dollars out of the $1 billion intended for Russian healthcare improvements.[29] Nikolai Shamalov is the original legal owner of "Putin's Palace."[11]

In 2006, he became a co-owner with a controlling share (10%) of Vyborg Shipyard.[5][9][21] Dmitri Gorelov's son Vasili Gorelov is another owner of Vyborg Shipyard.[22]

In 2010, he, his son Kirill, and Oleg Vitalyevich Sharykin (Russian: Олег Витальевич Шарыкин) became co-owners of the Russian Cement Company (Russian: Русскую цементную компанию (РЦК)).[lower-alpha 5] Nikolai owns a 12.5% share. Kirill owns a 5% share and is on the board of directors. The Shamalov's combined stake is estimated to be 15 billion rubles in 2018.[9][30][31]

In 2011 to support the Russian Defense Ministry, Roscosmos, and ROSATOM,[lower-alpha 6] he and Oleg Sharykin formed the joint company Ceramic Technologies (Russian: совместную компанию "Керамические технологии")[lower-alpha 7] which has two main projects: (1) the creation of silicon carbide pencil boxes for the long-term storage and disposal of highly radioactive nuclear waste in underground sites and (2) the development and production of silicon carbide optical blocks in telescopes and sensors used in remote sensing surveillance satellites, which also can detect asteroid hazards and explore deep space.[30] Ceramic Technologies is a member of the Lebedev Institute of Physics (FIAN) through the Troitsk Technopark (Russian: Троицкий технопарк ФИАН)[33] and the Skolkovo Foundation but receives no investment and no funding from either.[30] Also, Sharykin said that we have in Kemerovo "Khimprom" (Russian: "Химпром") and PO "Tokem" (Russian: "Токем"), which competes with Lanxess, Dow Chemical, and Mitsubishi Chemical for monodisperse copolymers in resin ion exchangers for nuclear reactors at nuclear power plants, nuclear powered ships (both icebreakers and submarines), and water treatment in the chemical and metallurgical industries.[30] As of October 2015, ROSATOM purchases 40% of its needs for resin ion exchangers from NATO countries, but the Kemerovo production sites are expected to meet 100% of ROSATOM needs by 2017.[30]

On June 28, 2013, he was the second largest shareholder in Bank Rossiya owning around 10.5% of the total shares.[34][35]

According to the Panama Papers, his Bank Rossiya staff in St Petersburg sent all their confidential instructions through a firm of Swiss attorneys in Zurich, Dietrich Baumgartner and Partners, to have Mossack Fonseca (Mossfon) establish a British Virgin Islands shell company, Sandalwood Continental Ltd, to hide large sums of Vladimir Putin's personal wealth that had been in bank accounts at the Russian Commercial Bank (RCB) of Cyprus, which is a bank owned by VTB and is now known as RCB Bank.[36][37][38][39][40][41][lower-alpha 8] Some of this money was transferred from Sergei Roldugin's Sandalwood Continental Ltd to Ozon LLC[lower-alpha 9] to purchase and develop the Igora ski resort.[36][40][lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 11]

According to Sergei Kolesnikov, Nikolai Shamalov gives Vladimir Putin updates on the status of Putin's offshore wealth and hidden accounts usually two or three times a year.[14]

His relationships with various entities and individuals and be found in this image[48]

Personal wealth

In 2011, he was listed as the 198th richest Russian with a wealth of $500 million by Forbes.[5]

He is on the billionaires (rubles) group with Delovoy Peterburg.[49]

Sanctions

Because of the ongoing Russian interference in Ukraine and Nikolai Shamalov's close personal relationship's with Vladimir Putin, Nikolai Shamalov has been under sanctions by the European Union since July 30, 2014, Liechtenstein since July 31, 2014, Canada since August 2, 2014, Switzerland since August 27, 2014, Australia since September 2, 2014, and Ukraine, since October 17, 2016.[34][50][51][52][53][54] These sanctions both freeze his assets in the European Union, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Ukraine, Canada, and Australia, and also restrict his travel rights.[55][56]

Personal life

Nikolai Shamalov has two sons.

Yuri Shamalov

Yuri Shamalov (b. June 10, 1970, in St. Petersburg) worked under Vladimir Putin and with Yuri's father Nikolai on the foreign economic relations committee (KVS) for the city of Saint Petersburg from October 1993 to October 1995.[45][57] He was a Siemens sales representative for Moscow from February 1997 to July 2003.[13][57] He was the first vice president for Gazfond from July to August 2003.[57] He was the Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Gazprom-Media from July 2008 to June 2012, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board of OJSC Gaz-Service from November 2008 to February 2015, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board of OAO Gazkon from November 2008 to February 2015, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board of PJSC Gaz-Tek from October 2011 to February 2015,[lower-alpha 12] and the Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board OJSC Gazprombank from June 2008 to December 2014.[63] He is currently the Deputy Chairman on the Supervisory Board of JSC Gazprombank, since December 2014; a board member of Gazprom Media, since August 2008; the Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Gazprombank-Fund, since July 2007; and the President of Gazfond, since August 2003.[13][63] Since March 2014 through his relationship with Gazfond and its controlling interest in Leader Assets Management, he has the controlling interest at JSC Gazprombank.[64]

Yuri Shamalov has degrees from the Higher Naval Engineering College V. I. Lenin in 1992 in naval engineering and from the All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations of the Russian Federation in 1996 in foreign trade.[57]

Kirill Shamalov

Kirill Shamalov (b. March 22, 1982, in St. Petersburg) is a deputy chairman on SIBUR's management board, a vice-president of Sibur Holding,[lower-alpha 13] which is a Russian gas processing and petrochemicals company headquartered in Moscow, and was married to Katerina Tikhonova from 2013 to 2018.[65][66][67][68][69] In April 2018, the United States imposed sanctions on his son Kirill Shamalov and 23 other Russian nationals due to the Russian interference in Ukraine and to prevent Vladimir Putin and his close inner circle's next generation of relatives from gaining wealth.[56][70][71][lower-alpha 14]

Notes

  1. ↑ Kolesnikov said that Nikolai Shamalov was dismissed "when he refused to answer questions during the internal corporate investigation regarding alleged bribery" (Russian: когда отказался отвечать на вопросы в ходе внутреннего корпоративного расследования в отношении предполагаемого взяточничества).
  2. ↑ The Committee on External Relations (KVS) (Russian: комитет внешних связей (квс)) was also called the Committee for Foreign Liaison, and the Committee for Foreign Economic Relations.[10]
  3. ↑ Rosinvest was owned through the Liechtenstein firm Lirus Management AG under the company Lirus Investment Holding AG. Kolesnikov argues that Lirus is owned entirely by Vladimir Putin before Rosinvest liquidated in 2012.[26] Jürg Wissmann, who was on the board of directors at Lirus and Perfora AG, stated that Nikolai Shamalov, Kolesnikov, and Gorelov were the only owners of Lirus.[4] Lirus Investment Holding AG was established on January 17, 2003, and went into liquidation on December 19, 2017.[27] Perfora AG was established on April 13, 2000, and went was liquidated on March 25, 2014.[28]
  4. ↑ Kolesnikov argues that the offshore accounts were in Liechtenstein, British Virgin Islands, Belize, and Panama.[26]
  5. ↑ The Russian Cement Company is not part of Rostec (Russian: "Ростех").[30]
  6. ↑ ROSATOM was establised in November 2007. It was formerly known as MinAtom.
  7. ↑ Gennady Ivanovich Babayants (Russian: Геннадий Иванович Бабаянц b. 1934) founded Ceramic Technologies.[30] Previously, he headed the Luch Scientific Production Association (Russian: ФГУП "НИИ НПО "Луч"") from 1990-2004.[30] He is currently the Lebedev Physical Institute's director of optics at the Troitsk Technopark.[32]
  8. ↑ Offshore shell companies were established through Mossfon in the British Virgin Islands, Belize, and Panama.[36][37][39][40][41]
  9. ↑ Viktor Myachin, Yuri Kovalchuk and Yuri's son, Boris Kovalchuk, own 25% of Ozon while Lowbrook Trading of Cyprus, which was established on March 3, 1999, owned the remaining 75% until Lowbrook dissolved on November 11, 2016.[40][41][42]
  10. ↑ Located along the Priozerskoe highway (Russian: Приозерское шоссе; A-121) at the 54 km marker near Sosnovo (Russian: Сосно́во) in the Priozersky District of the Leningrad Oblast, Igora has a movie theater, a grand cafe, a bistro, the Chalet restaurant, a sushi bar, a panoramic restaurant, a lobby bar, a spa, a Russian banya, and a pool. Activities include a small lake, laser tag, test driving a racing car, a bowling alley, curling, the largest snowboarding park in central Russia[43] and a large ice palace (Russian: «Ледовый дворец»).[44] Established in 2006, Igora is a combination of two Russian nouns: igra (Russian: игра), play, and gora (Russian: гора), mountain.[41] Katerina Tikhonova and Kirill Shamalov were married at this resort in February 2013.[45][46][47]
  11. ↑ Owned by Yuri and Boris Kovalchuk, a very secure compound known as “the president’s villa” or “Putin’s residence” (Russian: Загородная среда) is nearby Igora.[40][41]
  12. ↑ Gaz-Service (Russian: ОАО "Газ-сервис"), Gazkon (Russian: ОАО "Газкон"), and Gaztek (Russian: ОАО "Газ-Тек") through Northern Keys (Russian: ЗАО "Северные ключи") are owned and managed by the Leader management company (Russian: ЗАО "Лидер").[58] Since 2005, the private company GazTek has become the largest owner of the state companies for city and regional (Russian: облгаз) natural gas distribution in Ukraine.[59][60][61] Dmitri Firtash through his Krezer Holdings Limited, Nesiba Venchers Limited, Pasler Enterprises Limited, and Porala Venchers Limited, which are his Cypriot holding companies, is closely associated with these companies.[62]
  13. ↑ According to analysts with Raiffeizenbank at the end of 2017, Kirill Shamalov was worth $12-14 billion through his assets with Sibur.[9]
  14. ↑ In January 2018, Kirill Shamalov separated from his wife, Katerina Tikhonova, Putin’s youngest daughter. He allegedly lost 50% of his wealth as a ‘punishment’ for this separation.[69]

References

  1. ↑ "200 богатейших бизнесменов россии 2011" [200 Richest Businessmen of Russia] (in Russian). Forbes.ru. 2011. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 Dawisha, Karen (2014). Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia?. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4767-9519-5.
  3. ↑ Dawisha p. 298
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Малкова, Ирина; Титов, Сергей (December 17, 2015). "Расследование РБК: как строит бизнес семья Шамаловых: РБК разбирался, как 33-летний Кирилл Шамалов, которого называют супругом Катерины Тихоновой, стал крупным акционером "Сибура", какие еще активы есть у его семьи и сколько они могут стоить" [Investigation of RBC: how the Shamalov family builds business: RBC understood how the 33-year-old Kirill Shamalov, who is called the spouse of Katerina Tikhonova, became a major shareholder of Sibur, what other assets his family has and how much they can cost] (in Russian). RBC. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Nikolai Shamalov". Forbes (in Russian). Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  6. ↑ Прибыло́вский, Влади́мир Валериа́нович (2012). Кооператив "Озеро" и другие проекты Владимира Путина. Алгоритм. ISBN 978-5-4438-0015-8.
  7. ↑ Большаков, Владимир Викторович (2012). Путин навсегда. Кому это надо и к чему приведет?. Алгоритм. ISBN 9785457260856.
  8. ↑ Dawisha p. 48, 89
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Кто есть кто: Шамалов Николай Терентьевич" [Who Is Who: Nikolai Terentyevich Shamalov] (in Russian). Delovoy Petersburg. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  10. ↑ Dawisha p. 48
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Dawisha p. 89
  12. 1 2 3 4 Kolesnikov, Sergey (December 21, 2010). "Letter to Dmitry Medvedev". skolesnikov.org. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Шлейнов (Shleynov), Роман (Roman) (December 29, 2010). "Предприниматель Сергей Колесников рассказал о дворце для Путина за $1 млрд: Автором разоблачительного письма президенту о коррупции в окружении премьера действительно оказался партнер питерских друзей Владимира Путина бизнесмен Сергей Колесников. Он заявил "Ведомостям", что такова его гражданская позиция" [Entrepreneur Sergei Kolesnikov spoke about the palace for Putin for $1 billion: The author of the revealing letter to the president about corruption in the environment of the premier was indeed a partner of Vladimir Putin's friends from St. Petersburg businessman Sergey Kolesnikov. He told Vedomosti that this was his civil position] (in Russian). Vedomosti. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  14. 1 2 3 Ignatius, David (23 Dec 2010). "Sergey Kolesnikov's tale of palatial corruption, Russian style". The Washington Post. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  15. ↑ Gessen, Masha; et al. (June 23, 2011). "Сергей Колесников: Почему я рассказал про Дворец Путина. "Мы перешли границу между добром и злом в 2009 году"" [Sergey Kolesnikov: Why I told her about Putin's Palace. "We crossed the border between good and evil in 2009"]. Snob.ru (in Russian). Retrieved May 12, 2018.
  16. 1 2 Dawisha p. 90
  17. ↑ Dawisha p. 97, 98, 165, 338
  18. ↑ "Кооператив "Озеро"" [The "Lake" Cooperative] (in Russian). kompromat.ru. March 6, 2000. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  19. ↑ Pribilovsky, Vladimir. "Origin of Putin's oligarchy" (in Russian). Retrieved February 19, 2016.
  20. ↑ ""Thirteen": Vladimir Putin's Friends, Colleagues, Neighbors, And Acquaintances". Novaya Gazeta. December 23, 2009. Archived from the original on January 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2018.
  21. 1 2 "15 лет самому мутному "Озеру" в мире!" [15 years of the most turbid "lake" in the world!] (in Russian). Novaya Gazeta. November 11, 2011. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
  22. 1 2 3 Milov, O.; Nemtsov, B.; Ryzhkov, V.; Shorina, O., eds. (2011). "Putin. Corruption. An independent white paper". putin-itogi.ru. Translated by Essel, Dave. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
  23. 1 2 Shuklin, Peter (March 21, 2014). "Putin's inner circle: who got in a new list of US sanctions". liga.net. Archived from the original on February 7, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  24. ↑ "Кто теперь живет на "даче Путина" в кооперативе "Озеро"" [Who now lives on "Putin's dacha" in the cooperative "Lake"]. Sobesednik (in Russian). Moscow. January 13, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  25. ↑ ""Росинвест"" (PDF). Oxford, Ohio: Havighurst Center at Miami University. 2005. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  26. 1 2 Bush, Jason; Piper, Elizabeth; Grey, Stephen; Tsvetkova, Maria (May 22, 2014). "Comrade Capitalism: When Putin ordered up new hospitals, his associates botched the operation". Reuters. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  27. ↑ "LIRUS INVESTMENT HOLDING AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT". monetas.ch. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  28. ↑ "Perfora Aktiengesellschaft". monetas.ch. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  29. 1 2 Grey, Stephen; Bush, Jason; Anin, Roman (May 21, 2014). "Billion-dollar medical project helped fund "Putin's palace" on the Black Sea". Reuters. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Мерцалов (Mertsalov), Александр (Alexander) (October 20, 2015). ""Меня капитализация не волнует": Основатель ФПС "Сибконкорд" Олег Шарыкин — о цементном бизнесе и деловых связях". Kommersant. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  31. ↑ "Кирилл Николаевич Шамалов" [Kirill Nikolayevich Shamalov] (in Russian). April 8, 2015. p. 10. Retrieved April 28, 2016 – via Kommersant.
  32. ↑ "Сотрудники - Троицкий технопарк ФИАН" [Employees - Troitsk Technopark FIAN (Optics)] (in Russian). Lebedev Institute of Physics. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
  33. ↑ "Троицкий технопарк ФИАН" [Troitsk Technopark FIAN] (in Russian). Lebedev Institute of Physics. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
  34. 1 2 "Council Decision 2014/508/CFSP of 30 July 2014 amending Decision 2014/145/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  35. ↑ "У петербургского банка "Россия" в кризис на Кипре завис миллиард долларов: По оценке независимых экспертов, на кипрском депозите в период заморозки находилась треть денежных средств организации" [The St. Petersburg Bank "Russia" in the crisis in Cyprus, a billion dollars: According to independent experts, a third of the organization's money was frozen in the Cyprus accounts.] (in Russian). Neva.Today. June 28, 2013. Retrieved May 12, 2018.
  36. 1 2 3 Harding, Luke (April 3, 2016). "Revealed: the $2bn offshore trail that leads to Vladimir Putin". The Guardian. London.
  37. 1 2 Kotova, Yulia (April 4, 2016). "Глава ВТБ назвал "бредом" сообщения о связи Путина с сетью офшоров" [Head of VTB called it "delirium" the announcement about the Putin's connection with off-shore networks] (in Russian). RBC News. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  38. ↑ Anastasiou, Angelos (April 4, 2016). "Cyprus implicated in Panama papers (Update 4, adds Central Bank reaction)". Cyprus Mail online. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  39. 1 2 "Panama Papers: Politicians The Power Players". Washington, D.C.: International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ). Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 Blum, Petra; Obermaier, Frederik; Obermayer, Bastian. "Putin's rich friends". Süddeutsche Zeitung. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 Harding, Luke (April 3, 2016). "Sergei Roldugin, the cellist who holds the key to tracing Putin's hidden fortune". The Guardian. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  42. ↑ "Lowbrook Enterprises Ltd". cy-check.com. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  43. ↑ "На курорте Игора открылся обновленный экстрим-парк" [In the resort of Igor opened an updated extreme park] (in Russian). sport-express.ru. January 24, 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2013. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  44. ↑ ""Игора"" [Igora] (in Russian). igora.ru. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  45. 1 2 "Kirill Nikolayevich Shamalov – Family, Family Tree". CelebFamily. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  46. ↑ "Кто есть кто: Шамалов Кирилл Николаевич" [Who Is Who: Kirill Nikolayevich Shamalov] (in Russian). Delovoy Petersburg. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  47. ↑ Гасников (Glasinov), Влад (Vlad) (May 17, 2012). ""Такого рода секвестры бодрят": Глава комитета по развитию транспортной инфраструктуры сохраняет оптимизм" ["Such kind of sequestration invigorates": The head of the Transport Infrastructure Development Committee remains optimistic] (in Russian). Kommersant. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  48. ↑ "Nikolai Shamalov". Delovoy Peterburg. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  49. ↑ "Рейтинг миллиардеров "ДП"" [The rating of billionaires "DP"] (in Russian). Delovoy Petersburg. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  50. ↑ "Sanctions List SOR/2014-195". gazette.gc.ca. 2014-08-06. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  51. ↑ "Australia and sanctions: Consolidated List". Australian Government: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. p. 2967. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  52. ↑ "Massnahmen zur Vermeidung der Umgehung internationaler Sanktionen im Zusammenhang mit der Situation in der Ukraine" [Measures to prevent circumvention of international sanctions in relation to the situation in Ukraine] (in German). State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO). Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  53. ↑ Пороше́нко, Петро́ Олексі́йович (October 17, 2016). "УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №467/2016: Про рішення Ради національної безпеки і оборони України від 16 вересня 2016 року "Про застосування персональних спеціальних економічних та інших обмежувальних заходів (санкцій)"" [DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE No. 467/2016: On the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine dated 16 September 2016 "On the application of personal special economic and other restrictive measures (sanctions)"]. President of Ukraine website (in Ukrainian). Retrieved February 27, 2018.
  54. ↑ Пороше́нко, Петро́ Олексі́йович (October 17, 2016). "Додаток 3 до рішення Ради національної безпеки і оборони України від 16 вересня 2016 року «Про застосування персональних спеціальних економічних та інших обмежувальних заходів (санкцій)» ФІЗИЧН І ОСОБИ, до яких застосовуються обмежувальні заходи (санкції)" [Annex 3 to the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine from September 16th 2016 "On the Application of Personal special economic and other restrictive measures (sanctions)": INDIVIDUALS, to which restrictive measures (sanctions) apply] (PDF) (in Ukrainian). p. 116 (#265 Шамалов Микола Терентійович). Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  55. ↑ "Ukraine crisis: Russia and sanctions". BBC. December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  56. 1 2 Burrows, Emma (March 28, 2017). "Vladimir Putin's inner circle: Who's who, and how are they connected?". CNN. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  57. 1 2 3 4 "Кто есть кто: Шамалов Юрий Николаевич" [Who Is Who: Yuri Nikolayevich Shamalov] (in Russian). Delovoy Petersburg. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  58. ↑ "Внешэкономбанк: ПРЕСС-СЛУЖБА ОБЗОР ПРЕССЫ" [Vnesheconombank: Press-Service Press release] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: VEB. December 11, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  59. ↑ "Кому достался топливно-энергетический комплекс Украины?" [Who got the fuel and energy complex in Ukraine?] (in Russian). trust.ua. December 20, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  60. ↑ "Цушко не будет мешать "Газтеку" скупать облгазы: Антимонопольное ведомство Украины не видит причин препятствовать покупке компанией Газтек областных и городских газораспределяющих компаний до тех пор, пока общая часть приобретенных фирмой активов не превысит 35% от их общего числа по стране, заявил и.о. главы Комитета Рафаель Кузьмин" [Tsushko will not prevent Gaztek from buying up gas companies: The Ukrainian Antimonopoly Agency does not see any reason to prevent Gaztek from buying regional and city gas distribution companies until the total amount of assets acquired by the firm exceeds 35% of their total number in the country, he said. head of the Committee Rafael Kuzmin.] (in Russian). Forbes. UNIAN. February 7, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  61. ↑ "Газтек Фирташа увеличил долю в "Закарпатгазе": Крупнейший частный собственник ряда украинских облгазов - компания "Газтек" увеличила свою долю в газоснабжающем предприятии "Закарпатгаз" до 21,8%" [Gaztek Firtash increased his stake in Zakarpatgaz: The largest private owner of a number of Ukrainian oblgases - Gaztek increased its stake in the gas supplying enterprise Zakarpatgaz to 21.8%.] (in Russian). Forbes. UNIAN. April 5, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  62. ↑ "Фирташ увеличил свою долю в "Сумыгазе": Крупнейший частный собственник ряда украинских облгазов - компания "Газтек" - увеличила свою долю в газоснабжающем предприятии "Сумыгаз" до 46,64% с 25,78%" [Firtash increased his stake in Sumygaz: The largest private owner of a number of Ukrainian regional gas companies, Gaztek, increased its stake in the gas supply enterprise Sumygaz to 46.64% from 25.78%.] (in Russian). Forbes. UNIAN. July 13, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
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  68. ↑ Stubbs, Jack; Kuzmin, Andrey; Grey, Stephen; Anin, Roman (December 17, 2015). "The man who married Putin's daughter and then made a fortune". Reuters. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  69. 1 2 Reznik, Irina; Arkhipov, Ilya; Sazonov, Alexander (January 26, 2018). "Putin Family Split Offers Peek at Secret Dealings of Russia Inc". Bloomberg. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  70. ↑ "США ввели санкции против семи российских олигархов и 17 чиновников из "кремлевского списка"" [The US imposed sanctions against seven Russian oligarchs and 17 officials from the "Kremlin list"]. Meduza (in Russian). April 6, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  71. ↑ "Ukraine-/Russia-related Designations and Identification Update". United States Department of the Treasury. 2018-04-06. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
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