New England French

New England French
français de Nouvelle-Angleterre
Native to United States
(New England) (primarily Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont)
Native speakers
 120,000 (2001)
Language codes
ISO 639-3 –
Glottolog None

New England French (French: français de Nouvelle-Angleterre) is a variety of Canadian French spoken in the New England region of the United States.[1]

New England French is one of the major forms of the French language that developed in what is now the United States, the others being Louisiana French and the nearly extinct Missouri French, Muskrat French and Métis French.

The dialect is the predominant form of French spoken in New England (apart from standard French), except in the Saint John Valley of northern Aroostook County, Maine, where Acadian French predominates.

The dialect is endangered, but its use is supported by bilingual education programs in place since 1987.[1]

Number of French-speakers by state

The figures below include speakers of any French dialect, as estimated during the 2012-2016 American Community Survey:[2]

StateNumber of speakersProportion of population
Maine38,6953.06%
New Hampshire21,2601.68%
Vermont8,5081.43%
Rhode Island9,3820.94%
Massachusetts54,7100.86%
Connecticut25,8280.76%

Francophone communities in New England

French language spoken at home by more than 10% of the population, as estimated for the 2011-2015 American Community Survey:[3][4][5]

CommunityStatePercent French-speakingPopulation (2010 census)
LewistonMaine14.7%36,592
BerlinNew Hampshire16.7%10,051
SabattusMaine12.9%4,876
LymanMaine10.1%4,344
Fort KentMaine47.5%4,097
MadawaskaMaine61.8%4,035
Van BurenMaine56.5%2,171
MilanNew Hampshire13.6%1,337
FrenchvilleMaine67.4%1,087
StewartstownNew Hampshire16.0%1,004
CanaanVermont22.8%972
Eagle LakeMaine40.1%864
St. AgathaMaine56.6%747
WallagrassMaine46.9%546
St. FrancisMaine38.2%485
Grand IsleMaine62.6%467
Portage LakeMaine15.7%391
New CanadaMaine40.7%321
CaswellMaine14.7%306
DummerNew Hampshire12.2%304
ErrolNew Hampshire13.1%291
Saint John PlantationMaine44.2%267
ClarksvilleNew Hampshire17.2%265
WintervilleMaine39.0%224
HamlinMaine62.8%219
NortonVermont24.2%169
Cyr PlantationMaine55.9%103
Wentworth's LocationNew Hampshire12.1%33
FerdinandVermont30.0%32
DennistownMaine59.3%30
AverillVermont11.1%24

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Ammon, Ulrich; International Sociological Association (1989). Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 306–308. ISBN 0899253563. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
  2. ↑ "Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over (B16001): All States Within United States, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau American FactFinder. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  3. ↑ "Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over (B16001): All County Subdivisions within Maine, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau American FactFinder. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  4. ↑ "Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over (B16001): All County Subdivisions within New Hampshire, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau American FactFinder. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  5. ↑ "Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over (B16001): All County Subdivisions within Vermont, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau American FactFinder. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
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