The Nanxiong Formation is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in Guangdong Province. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. It consists of red sandstone and clay sediments, with fauna which is more similar to that of the Nemegt Formation in the recent years.

Paleofauna

Nanxiong Formation
Stratigraphic range: Campanian-Maastrichtian
Nanxiong Formation; Stratigraphic range: Campanian-Maastrichtian
Type	Geological formation
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone
Other	Claystone
Location
Region	Guangdong Province
Country	China

Dinosaurs

Oviraptorosaurs

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Oviraptorosaurs reported from the Nanxiong Formation
Genus	Species	Material	Notes	Images
Banji^[1]	B. long	Nearly complete skull and lower jaw.	An oviraptorid
Corythoraptor^[2]	C. jacobsi	Nearly complete skeleton including the skull and lower jaw.	An oviraptorid with a distinct Cassowary like crest	Restoration
Ganzhousaurus^[3]	G. nankangensis	Lower jaw, leg bone, hip bone and caudal vertebrae	A transitional oviraptorid with both basal and derived traits.	Restoration
Huanansaurus^[4]	H. ganzhouensis	nearly complete skull, lower jaws, neck vertebrae, a humerus, arm fragments, lower part of the right thighbone, the upper part of the right shinbone, and parts of the right foot.	An oviraptorid	Restoration
Jiangxisaurus^[5]	J. ganzhouensis	incomplete skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, nearly complete pectoral girdle, the left forelimb, ribs, and a partially preserved pelvic girdle	An oviraptorid	Restoration
Nankangia^[6]	N. jiangxiensis	a partial lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a nearly complete right humerus, pubic bones, and some dorsal ribs.	an oviraptorid	Restoration
Tongtianlong^[7]	T. limosus	Almost complete skeleton, portions of the arms, right leg, and tail were destroyed by TNT blasts	an oviraptorid, the pose indicates that it may have died trying to free itself from mud	Life reconstruction of Tongtianlong limosus, and speculative death conditions

Other Dinosaurs

Other Dinosaurs reported from the Nanxiong Formation
Genus	Species	Material	Notes	Images
Gannansaurus^[8]	G. sinensis	a single, nearly complete dorsal vertebra and a mid-caudal vertebra.	a sauropod closely related to Euhelopus
Microhadrosaurus^[9]	M. nanshiungensis	a partial lower jaw from a juvenile	a dubious hadrosaur^[10]
Nanshiungosaurus^[11]	N. brevispinus	eleven cervical vertebrae, ten dorsal vertebrae, six sacral vertebrae, and a pelvis	A therizinosaurid^[12]	Restoration
Qianzhousaurus^[13]	Q. sinensis	A skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a left femur and a left tibia.	A tyrannosaurid, could represent a third species of Alioramus^[14]	Restoration

Other Reptiles

Turtles

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Turtles reported from the Nanxiong Formation
Genus	Species	Material	Notes	Images
Jiangxichelys^[15]	J. ganzhouensis	a complete shell	A nanhsiungchelyid turtle
Nanhsiungchelys^[16]	N. wuchingensis	a partial skeleton	A nanhsiungchelyid turtle

Crocodilians

Crocodilians reported from the Nanxiong Formation
Genus	Species	Material	Notes	Images
Jiangxisuchus^[17]	J. nankangensis	nearly complete skull and mandible	A crocodyloid

Lizards

Lizards reported from the Nanxiong Formation
Genus	Species	Material	Notes	Images
Chianghsia^[18]	C. nankangensis	a partial skull and lower jaws	A monstersaurian lizard
Tianyusaurus^[19]	T. zhengi	A skull, mandible, first eight cervical vertebrae and nearly complete pectoral girdles	A polyglyphanodontian lizard, also known from the Qiupa Formation

References

↑ Xu, X. and Han, F.-L. (2010). "A new oviraptorid dinosaur (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of China." Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 48(1): 11–18.
↑ Lü, J.; Li, G; Kundrát, M.; Lee, Y.; Zhenyuan, S.; Yoshitsugu, K.; Caizhi, S.; Fangfang, T.; Hanfeng, L (2017). "High diversity of the Ganzhou Oviraptorid Fauna increased by a new "cassowary-like" crested species". Scientific Reports. 7. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05016-6.
↑ Wang, S.; Sun, C.; Sullivan, C.; Xu, X. (2013). "A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of southern China". Zootaxa. 3640 (2): 242. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3640.2.7.
↑ Lü, Junchang; Pu, Hanyong; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Xu, Li; Chang, Huali; Shang, Yuhua; Liu, Di; Lee, Yuong-Nam; Kundrát, Martin; Shen, Caizhi (2015). "A New Oviraptorid Dinosaur (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern China and Its Paleobiogeographical Implications". Scientific Reports. 5 (11490): 11490. doi:10.1038/srep11490. PMC 4489096. PMID 26133245.
↑ Wei Xuefang; Pu Hanyong; Xu Li; Liu Di; Lü Junchang (2013). "A New Oviraptorid Dinosaur (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 87 (4): 899–904. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12098.
↑ Lü, J.; Yi, L.; Zhong, H.; Wei, X. (2013). Dodson, Peter, ed. "A New Oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern China and Its Paleoecological Implications". PLoS ONE. 8 (11): e80557. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080557. PMC 3842309. PMID 24312233.
↑ Lü, J.; Chen, R.; Brusatte, S.L.; Zhu, Y.; Shen, C. (2016). "A Late Cretaceous diversification of Asian oviraptorid dinosaurs: evidence from a new species preserved in an unusual posture". Scientific Reports. 6: 35780. doi:10.1038/srep35780. PMC 5103654. PMID 27831542.
↑ Junchang Lü; Laiping Yi; Hui Zhong; Xuefang Wei (2013). "A New Somphospondylan Sauropod (Dinosauria, Titanosauriformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province of Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 87 (3): 678–685. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12079.
↑ Dong Zhiming (1979). "The Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China". In Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (eds.). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China (in Chinese). Nanxiong, China: Science Press. pp. 342–350.
↑ Horner, John R.; Weishampel, David B.; Forster, Catherine A (2004). "Hadrosauridae". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka. The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 438–463. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
↑ Z. Dong, 1979, Cretaceous dinosaurs of Hunan, China. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China: Selected Papers from the "Cretaceous-Tertiary Workshop", Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology & Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (eds.), Science Press, Nanxiong, China pp. 342-350
↑ Lindsay E. Zanno (2010). "A taxonomic and phylogenetic re-evaluation of Therizinosauria (Dinosauria: Maniraptora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (4): 503–543. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.488045.
↑ Junchang Lü, Laiping Yi, Stephen L. Brusatte, Ling Yang, Hua Li & Liu Chen, 2014, "A new clade of Asian Late Cretaceous long-snouted tyrannosaurids", Nature Communications 5, Article number: 3788 doi:10.1038/ncomms4788
↑ Carr, Thomas D.; Varricchio, David J.; Sedlmayr, Jayc C.; Roberts, Eric M.; Moore, Jason R. (2017). "A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system". Scientific Reports. 7: 44942. doi:10.1038/srep44942. PMC 5372470. PMID 28358353.
↑ Haiyan Tong; Jinyou Mo (2010). "Jiangxichelys, a new nanhsiungchelyid turtle from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China". Geological Magazine. 147 (6): 981–986. Bibcode:2010GeoM..147..981T. doi:10.1017/S0016756810000671. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
↑ H.-k. Yeh. 1966. A new Cretaceous turtle of Nanhsiung, northern Kwangtung. Vertebrata PalAsiatica
↑ Chun Li; Xiao-chun Wu; Scott Rufolo (2018). "A new crocodyloid (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of China". Cretaceous Research. in press. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.015.
↑ Mo, J. Y.; Xu, X.; Evans, S. E. (2012). "A large predatory lizard (Platynota, Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of South China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (2): 333. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.588254.
↑ Jun-chang Lü; Shu-an Ji; Zhi-ming Dong; Xiao-chun Wu (2008). "An Upper Cretaceous lizard with a lower temporal arcade". Naturwissenschaften. 95 (7): 663–669. Bibcode:2008NW.....95..663L. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0364-1. PMID 18338150.

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[xu&han2010-1] Xu, X. and Han, F.-L. (2010). "A new oviraptorid dinosaur (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of China." Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 48(1): 11–18.

[description-2] Lü, J.; Li, G; Kundrát, M.; Lee, Y.; Zhenyuan, S.; Yoshitsugu, K.; Caizhi, S.; Fangfang, T.; Hanfeng, L (2017). "High diversity of the Ganzhou Oviraptorid Fauna increased by a new "cassowary-like" crested species". Scientific Reports. 7. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05016-6.

[Wang-3] Wang, S.; Sun, C.; Sullivan, C.; Xu, X. (2013). "A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of southern China". Zootaxa. 3640 (2): 242. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3640.2.7.

[Lu-al-2015-4] Lü, Junchang; Pu, Hanyong; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Xu, Li; Chang, Huali; Shang, Yuhua; Liu, Di; Lee, Yuong-Nam; Kundrát, Martin; Shen, Caizhi (2015). "A New Oviraptorid Dinosaur (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern China and Its Paleobiogeographical Implications". Scientific Reports. 5 (11490): 11490. doi:10.1038/srep11490. PMC 4489096. PMID 26133245.

[os-5] Wei Xuefang; Pu Hanyong; Xu Li; Liu Di; Lü Junchang (2013). "A New Oviraptorid Dinosaur (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 87 (4): 899–904. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12098.

[Nankangia-6] Lü, J.; Yi, L.; Zhong, H.; Wei, X. (2013). Dodson, Peter, ed. "A New Oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern China and Its Paleoecological Implications". PLoS ONE. 8 (11): e80557. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080557. PMC 3842309. PMID 24312233.

[luetal2016-7] Lü, J.; Chen, R.; Brusatte, S.L.; Zhu, Y.; Shen, C. (2016). "A Late Cretaceous diversification of Asian oviraptorid dinosaurs: evidence from a new species preserved in an unusual posture". Scientific Reports. 6: 35780. doi:10.1038/srep35780. PMC 5103654. PMID 27831542.

[Gannansaurus-8] Junchang Lü; Laiping Yi; Hui Zhong; Xuefang Wei (2013). "A New Somphospondylan Sauropod (Dinosauria, Titanosauriformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province of Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 87 (3): 678–685. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12079.

[DZ79-9] Dong Zhiming (1979). "The Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China". In Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (eds.). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China (in Chinese). Nanxiong, China: Science Press. pp. 342–350.

[HWF04-10] Horner, John R.; Weishampel, David B.; Forster, Catherine A (2004). "Hadrosauridae". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka. The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 438–463. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.

[Dong1979-11] Z. Dong, 1979, Cretaceous dinosaurs of Hunan, China. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China: Selected Papers from the "Cretaceous-Tertiary Workshop", Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology & Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (eds.), Science Press, Nanxiong, China pp. 342-350

[Zanno2010-12] Lindsay E. Zanno (2010). "A taxonomic and phylogenetic re-evaluation of Therizinosauria (Dinosauria: Maniraptora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (4): 503–543. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.488045.

[Qianzhousaurus-13] Junchang Lü, Laiping Yi, Stephen L. Brusatte, Ling Yang, Hua Li & Liu Chen, 2014, "A new clade of Asian Late Cretaceous long-snouted tyrannosaurids", Nature Communications 5, Article number: 3788 doi:10.1038/ncomms4788

[Horneri-14] Carr, Thomas D.; Varricchio, David J.; Sedlmayr, Jayc C.; Roberts, Eric M.; Moore, Jason R. (2017). "A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system". Scientific Reports. 7: 44942. doi:10.1038/srep44942. PMC 5372470. PMID 28358353.

[TongMo-15] Haiyan Tong; Jinyou Mo (2010). "Jiangxichelys, a new nanhsiungchelyid turtle from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China". Geological Magazine. 147 (6): 981–986. Bibcode:2010GeoM..147..981T. doi:10.1017/S0016756810000671. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.

[16] H.-k. Yeh. 1966. A new Cretaceous turtle of Nanhsiung, northern Kwangtung. Vertebrata PalAsiatica

[17] Chun Li; Xiao-chun Wu; Scott Rufolo (2018). "A new crocodyloid (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of China". Cretaceous Research. in press. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.015.

[Chianghsia-18] Mo, J. Y.; Xu, X.; Evans, S. E. (2012). "A large predatory lizard (Platynota, Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of South China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (2): 333. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.588254.

[19] Jun-chang Lü; Shu-an Ji; Zhi-ming Dong; Xiao-chun Wu (2008). "An Upper Cretaceous lizard with a lower temporal arcade". Naturwissenschaften. 95 (7): 663–669. Bibcode:2008NW.....95..663L. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0364-1. PMID 18338150.

Nanxiong Formation