Nacholapithecus
| Nacholapithecus Temporal range: middle Miocene | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nacholapithecus kerioi | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Superfamily: | Hominoidea |
| Family: | Hominidae |
| Subfamily: | †Kenyapithecinae |
| Genus: | †Nacholapithecus |
| Species: | N. wickeri |
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Nacholapithecus is a Middle Miocene genus of hominoid found in the Nachola formation in northern Kenya. It is a key genus in early hominid evolution. Similar in body plan to Proconsul, it had a long vertebral column with six lumbar vertebrae, no tail, a narrow torso, large upper limbs with mobile shoulder joints, and long feet.[1]
Together with other Kenyapithecinae such as Equatorius, Kenyapithecus, and Griphopithecus, Nacholapithecus displayed synapomorphies with Anoiapithecus.[2]
Taxonomy
Nacholapithecus was initially classified as belonging in Kenyapithecus,[3] then attributed[4] to Equatorius (with Equatorius perhaps grouped into a sub-family Equatorinae, instead of both species in Afropithecini[5] [6]), finally recognised as a separate genus (Ishida et al 1999).[7][8] Classified perhaps as a member of the family Proconsulidae.[9][10]
Nacholapithecus kerioi
Nacholapithecus kerioi is a hominoid known from the Aka Aiteputh Formation, in Nachola, Northern Kenya.[11]
Formation
The formation is largely part of the north-western rift flank overlying the Nachola Formation,[12] part of the Neogene system (Samburu).[13]
Notes
- ↑ Henke & Hardt 2007, p. 1020
- ↑ Moyà-Solà et al. 2009
- ↑ Ishida et al 1984
- ↑ Ward et al. 1999
- ↑ Cameron 2004
- ↑ Cameron 2004, p. 101
- ↑ Russon & Begun 2004, p. 305
- ↑ Ishida et al. 2004, Abstract
- ↑ I. S. Zalmout et al 2010
- ↑ Paleodb 2012
- ↑ Nakatsukasa & Kunimatsu 2009, Abstract
- ↑ Ishida et al. 2006, p. 74
- ↑ Sawada et al. 2006
References
- Cameron, David W. (2004). Hominid Adaptations and Extinctions. UNSW Press. ISBN 9780868407166.
- Henke, Winfried; Hardt, Thorolf (29 May 2007). Handbook of paleoanthropology. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-32474-4.
- Ishida, H; Kunimatsu, Y; Takano, T; Nakano, Y; Nakatsukasa, M (January 2004). "Nacholapithecus skeleton from the Middle Miocene of Kenya". J Hum Evol. 46 (1): 69–103. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.10.001. PMID 14698685.
- Ishida, Hidemi; Tuttle, Russell; Pickford, Martin; Ogihara, Naomichi; Nakatsukasa, Masato (2006). Ishida, Hidemi; Tuttle, Russell; Pickford, Martin; Ogihara, Naomichi; Nakatsukasa, Masato, eds. Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. ISBN 9780387296388.
- Moyà-Solà, Salvador; Alba, David M; Almécija, Sergio; Casanovas-Vilar, Isaac; Köhler, Meike; de Esteban-Trivigno, Soledad; Robles, Josep M; Galindo, Jordi; Fortuny, Josep (2009). "A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade". PNAS. 106 (24): 9601–06. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811730106. PMC 2701031. PMID 19487676.
- Nakatsukasa, Masato; Kunimatsu, Yutaka (May–June 2009). "Nacholapithecus and its importance for understanding hominoid evolution". Evolutionary Anthropology. 18 (3): 103–119. doi:10.1002/evan.20208.
- "Nacolapithecus". Paleobiology Database. 2012. Retrieved September 2012. Check date values in:
|accessdate=(help) - Russon, Anne E.; Begun, David R. (2004). Russon, Anne E.; Begun, David R., eds. The Evolution of Thought: Evolutionary Origins of Great Ape Intelligence. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521783354.
- Sawada, Yoshihiro; Saneyoshi, Mototaka; Nakayama, Katsuhiro; Sakai, Tetsuya; Itaya, Tetsumaru; Hyodo, Masayuki; Mukokya, Yogolelo; Pickford, Martin; Senut, Brigitte; Tanaka, Satoshi (2006). "The Ages and Geological Backgrounds of Miocene Hominoids Nacholapithecus, Samburupithecus, and Orrorin from Kenya". Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. pp. 71–96. doi:10.1007/0-387-29798-7_6. ISBN 978-0-387-29638-8.