NIST Special Publication 800-53

National Institute of Standards and Technology

NIST Special Publication 800-53 provides a catalog of security controls for all U.S. federal information systems except those related to national security. It is published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which is a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce. NIST develops and issues standards, guidelines, and other publications to assist federal agencies in implementing the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA) and to help with managing cost effective programs to protect their information and information systems.[1]

Purpose

NIST Special Publication 800-53 is part of the Special Publication 800-series that reports on the Information Technology Laboratory’s (ITL) research, guidelines, and outreach efforts in information system security, and on ITL’s activity with industry, government, and academic organizations.[2]

Specifically, NIST Special Publication 800-53 covers the steps in the Risk Management Framework that address security control selection for federal information systems in accordance with the security requirements in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 200. This includes selecting an initial set of baseline security controls based on a FIPS 199 worst-case impact analysis, tailoring the baseline security controls, and supplementing the security controls based on an organizational assessment of risk.[3] The security rules cover 17 areas including access control, incident response, business continuity, and disaster recoverability.[4]

A key part of the certification and accreditation process for federal information systems is selecting and implementing a subset of the controls (safeguards) from the Security Control Catalog (NIST 800-53, Appendix F) . These controls are the management, operational, and technical safeguards (or countermeasures) prescribed for an information system to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system and its information. To implement the needed safeguards or controls, agencies must first determine the security category of their information systems in accordance with the provisions of FIPS 199, “Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and Information Systems.” The security categorization of the information system (low, moderate or high) determines the baseline collection of controls that must be implemented and monitored. Agencies have the ability to adjust these controls and tailor them to fit more closely with their organizational goals or environments.[1]

Compliance

Agencies are expected to be compliant with NIST security standards and guidelines within one year of the publication date (February 2005) unless otherwise directed. Information systems that are under development are expected to be compliant upon deployment.[1]

Revisions

First Revision/Second Revision

The title of NIST SP 800-53 Revision 1 and 2 is Recommended Security Controls for Federal Information Systems.

Third Revision

The third version of NIST's Special Publication 800-53, "Recommended Security Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations," incorporates several recommendations from people who commented on previously published versions, who recommended a reduction in the number of security controls for low-impact systems, a new set of application-level controls and greater discretionary powers for organizations to downgrade controls. Also included in the final draft is language that allows federal agencies to keep their existing security measures if they can demonstrate that the level of security is equivalent to the standards being proposed by NIST.[5] The third version also represents an effort to harmonize security requirements across government communities and between government and non-government systems. In the past, NIST guidance has not applied to government information systems identified as national security systems. The management, operational, and technical controls in SP 800-53 Revision 3 provide a common information security language for all government information systems. The revised security control catalog also includes state-of-the-practice safeguards and countermeasures to address advanced cyber threats and exploits. Significant changes in this revision of the document include

  • A simplified, six-step risk management framework;
  • Additional security controls and enhancements for advanced cyber threats;
  • Recommendations for prioritizing security controls during implementation or deployment;
  • Revised security control structure with a new references section;
  • Elimination of security requirements from supplemental guidance sections;
  • Guidance on using the risk management framework for legacy information systems and for external information system services providers;
  • Updates to security control baselines based on current threat information and cyber attacks;
  • Organization-level security controls for managing information security programs;
  • Guidance on the management of common controls within organizations; and
  • Strategy for harmonizing FISMA security standards and guidelines with international security standard ISO/IEC 27001.[6]

Fourth Revision

As part of the ongoing cyber security partnership among the United States Department of Defense, the intelligence community, and the federal civil agencies, NIST has launched its biennial update to Special Publication 800‐53, "Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations," with an initial public draft released on February 28, 2012. The 2011–12 initiative will include an update of current security controls, control enhancements, supplemental guidance and an update on tailoring and supplementation guidance that form key elements of the control selection process. Key focus areas include, but are not limited to:

  • Insider threats;
  • Software application security (including web applications);
  • Social networking, mobiles devices, and cloud computing;
  • Cross domain solutions;if
  • Advanced persistent threats;
  • Supply chain security;
  • Industrial/process control systems; and
  • Privacy.

Fifth Revision

NIST SP 800-53 Revision 5 will remove the word "federal" and "information systems" to indicate that these regulations may be applied to all organizations, not just federal organizations, and all systems, not just information systems. The first public draft was published on August 15, 2017. A final draft release is currently scheduled for publication in October 2018, with the final publication date now scheduled for December of 2018. "[7]. Per the NIST Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC),[8] major changes to the publication include:

  • Making the security and privacy controls more outcome-based by changing the structure of the controls;
  • Fully integrating the privacy controls into the security control catalog creating a consolidated and unified set of controls for systems and organizations;
  • Separating the control selection process from the actual controls, thus allowing the controls to be used by different communities of interest including systems engineers, software developers, enterprise architects; and mission/business owners;
  • Eliminating the term information system and replacing it with the term system so the controls can be applied to any type of system including, for example, general-purpose systems, cyber-physical systems, industrial/process control systems, and IoT devices;
  • De-emphasizing the federal focus of the publication to encourage greater use by nonfederal organizations;
  • Promoting integration with different risk management and cyber security approaches and lexicons, including the Cybersecurity Framework;
  • Clarifying the relationship between security and privacy to improve the selection of controls necessary to address the full scope of security and privacy risks; and
  • Incorporating new, state of the practice controls based on threat intelligence and empirical attack data, including controls to strengthen cybersecurity and privacy governance and accountability.

By comparing the previous version to this version, it is evident that a number of control family entries have been withdrawn and incorporated into other control numbers. [9]

Versions

Version A

Revision 1

NIST Special Publication 800-53 A is titled “Guide for Assessing Security Controls in Federal Information Systems and Organizations." This version will describe testing and evaluation procedures for the 17 required control families.[4] These assessment guidelines are designed to enable periodic testing and are used by federal agencies to determine what security controls are necessary to protect organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the nation.[3] According to Ron Ross, senior computer scientist and information security researcher at NIST, these guidelines will also allow federal agencies to assess "if mandated controls have been implemented correctly, are operating as intended, and are... meeting the organization's security requirements."

To do this, version A describes assessment methods and procedures for each of the security controls mandated in Special Publication 800-53. These methods and procedures are to be used as guidelines for federal agencies. These guidelines are meant to limit confusion and ensure that agencies interpret and implement the security controls in the same way.[4]

Revision 4

NIST SP 800-53A Revision 4 is Assessing Security and Privacy Controls in Federal Information Systems and Organizations.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Ross, et al., p. 4
  2. ↑ Ross, et al., p. 2
  3. 1 2 Ross, et. al, p. 8
  4. 1 2 3 Vijayan, Jaikumar (2005), "Security Guidelines for U.S. agencies due in July", Computerworld, retrieved 2011-02-23
  5. ↑ Vijayan, Jaikumar (2005), "Feds look to finalize IT security controls", Computerworld, retrieved 2011-02-23
  6. ↑ Jackson, William (2009), "NIST releases 'historic' final version of Special Publication 800-53", Government Computer News, retrieved 2011-02-23
  7. ↑ "Schedule - Risk Management CSRC". NIST Computer Security Resource Center. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  8. ↑ "SP 800-53, Rev. 5 (DRAFT)". NIST Computer Security Resource Center. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  9. ↑ "Checklist for Security and Privacy Controls", Mapping Reference Checklist. Retrieved on 30 January 2018
  • Ross, Ron; Jahnson, Arnold; Katzke, Stu; Toth, Patricia; Stoneburner, Gary; Rogers, George (2008), Guide for Assessing the Security Controls in Federal Information Systems, Building Effective Security Assessment Plans (PDF), retrieved 2011-02-14
  • Schou, Corey (2006). Information Assurance for the Enterprise. Boston: McGraw Hill Irwin. ISBN 978-0-07-225524-9.
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