Miran Shah

Jalal-ud-din Miran Shah
جلال الدین میران شاہ‬
Timurid Prince
Miran Shah
Miran Shah
Mughal illumination of Miran Shah
Born 1366
Died 1408 (aged 41–42)
Sardrud, Timurid Empire (present-day Iran)
Burial Gur-e-Amir, Samarkand (present-day Uzbekistan)
Spouse Daulatgaldi Agha
Sevin Beg (Khanzada)
Urun Sultan Khanum
Murad Agha
Ruhparwar Agha
Nigar Agha
Fakhira Agha
Bakht Sultan Agha
Dawlat Bakht Agha
Mihr Nush Agha
Issue Sayyidi Ahmad Mirza
Khalil Sultan Mirza
Muhammad Qasim Mirza
Abu Bakr Mirza
Umar Mirza
Muhammad Timur Mirza
Sultan Muhammad Mirza
Ijil Mirza
Suyurghatmish Mirza
Biki Sultan Begum
Qutlugh Sultan Begum
Sa'adat Sultan Begum
Rajab Sultan Begum
Rabia Sultan Begum
Full name
Mirza Jalal-ud-din Miran Shah
House House of Timur
Father Timur
Mother Mengli Khatun Jauni Qurban
Religion Islam

Mirza Jalal-ud-din[1] Miran Shah Beg (1366 – 16? April 1408) (Persian: میران شاہ‎) was a son of Timur, and a Timurid governor during his father's lifetime.

Governorship

A miniature of Miran Shah, from the collection of Brooklyn Museum

Miran Shah's first charge was a vast region centered on Qandahar, which he was granted in 1383. That same year, he destroyed a rebellion against Timurid authority by the Kartids, then vassals of Timur in Khurasan under their leader Ghyas al-Din. To solidify control over the area, in 1396 he invited the remaining Kartid princes to a banquet and slew them.

In 1396 Miran Shah was given control of Azerbaijan, principally the cities of Soltaniyeh, the former capital of the Ilkhans, and Tabriz. In the summer of 1398 he marched from Tabriz with the goal of subduing the Jalayirids of Baghdad, but was forced to call off the expedition. Meanwhile, rumors had come to Timur that his son was planning to betray him. The conqueror was also angry over Miran Shah's refusal to solve the problems of tax dodgers within his area, and over his son's inability to keep the important fortress of Alinjaq out of the hands of the Jalayirids. In 1399 Timur sent a force under his nephew Sulaiman Shah to summon Miran Shah. The latter came with Sulaiman Shah willingly back to his father, where he was deposed of his governorship and assigned to his father's company for four years. His friends and advisors were executed.

Wars

In the winter of 1386 Miran Shah defeated an invading force of the Golden Horde that was on its way to Persia. He captured several prisoners, but these were released under light conditions when handed over to Timur.

Succession

Because of mental difficulties caused by an accident, Miran Shah was not a candidate for succeeding Timur. In the struggle that followed Timur's death in 1405, his son Aba Bakr managed to oust Jalayirid forces from Tabriz and Miran Shah reestablished himself in Azerbaijan. At the same time, Miran Shah supported another son, Khalil Sultan, in his claims to the throne. He marched with Aba Bakr in an attempt to reinforce Khalil, but eventually turned back. Meanwhile, he had to deal with the growing threat of the Black Sheep Turkmen, under Qara Yusuf. The latter defeated Aba Bakr at Nakhichevan in 1406 and again at Sardrud in 1408. In the last battle, Miran Shah was killed.

The line of Miran Shah continued to play a prominent role in the remnants of the Timurid Empire, when Abu Sa'id came to power in Transoxiana. He is also the ancestor of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire.[2]

Wives of Miran Shah

Miran Shah married three times:

His concubines were:

  • Murad Agha;
  • Ruhparwar Agha;
  • Nigar Agha;
  • Fakhira Agha;
  • Bakht Sultan Agha;
  • Dawlat Bakht Agha, a Fuladbuqakhani lady;
  • Mihr Nush Agha, another Fuladbuqakhani lady;

Sons of Miran Shah

References

  1. ↑ Humaira Faiz Dasti, Multan, a province of the Mughal Empire, 1525-1751 (1998), p. 48
  2. ↑ Bonnie C. Wade (20 July 1998). Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India. University of Chicago Press. pp. 43–. ISBN 978-0-226-86840-0.
  • Peter Jackson (1986). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume Six: The Timurid and Safavid Periods. ISBN 0-521-20094-6
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.