Minamoto no Mitsunaka

Minamoto no Mitsunaka (源 満仲, April 29, 912? – October 6, 997), was born as Myoomaru (明王丸) son of Minamoto no Tsunemoto, was a samurai and Court official of Japan's Heian period. Mitsunaka belonged to the Seiwa Genji branch of the Minamoto clan, which traced its ancestry to Emperor Seiwa.[1] He loyally (if not selflessly) served several successive Fujiwara regents (sessho and kampaku) beginning with Fujiwara no Morotada. Mitsunaka allied himself with Morotada in 969, by implicating Minamoto no Takaakira—Morotada's major political rival—in a plot against the throne. It is not clear whether these accusations were true, but Takaakira was sent into exile, placing Mitsunaka firmly in Morotada's good graces.[2] Later, Mitsunaka would assist Fujiwara no Kaneie in his plot to coerce Emperor Kazan into taking Buddhist vows and abdicating in favor of Fujiwara's seven-year-old grandson.[3]

Mitsunaka's association with Fujiwara clan made him one of the richest and most powerful courtiers of his day.[4] He served as the acting governor (kokushi) of ten provinces, most notably Settsu, which became the mainstay of his military and economic power. In addition, Mitsunaka inherited his father's title of Chinjufu-shogun, Commander-in-chief of the Defense of the North.[5] The patron/client relationship between the Fujiwara and the Seiwa Genji continued for nearly two hundred years after Mitsunaka's death; indeed, the Seiwa Genji came to be known as the "teeth and claws" of the Fujiwara.[6]

Mitsunaka married the daughter of Minamoto no Suguru, from the Saga Genji branch of the Minamoto.[7] He was the father of three sons: Minamoto no Yorimitsu (who became the hero of a large body of folklore), Minamoto no Yorinobu, and Minamoto no Yorichika.

"He had many sons, all of them accomplished in the way of the warrior, except one who was a monk. His name was Genken." This monk of the Tendai Sect, with the aid of Genshin, was able to convert his father to Buddhism. Upon his conversion, Minamoto no Mitsunaka built a hall to atone for his sins. "What is known as Tada Temple is a cluster of halls that began to be built with this one."[8]

In his later years, Mitsunaka retired to his manor in Tada, a town in Settsu province; for this reason, he is also known as Tada Manjū. (Manjū is the Sino-Japanese reading of the characters for "Mitsunaka"). His descendants are sometimes referred to as the "Settsu Genji" or the "Tada Genji".[9]

Mitsunaka appears in the anime Otogi Zoshi, along with fictionalized versions of a number of other historical figures.

Family

  • Father: Minamoto no Tsunemoto
  • Mother: Fujiwara Toshinari or Tachibana family’s daughter
  • Wives:
    • daughter of Minamoto no Sugaru
    • daughter of Fujiwara no Munetada
    • daughter of Fujiwara no Motokata
  • Children:
    • Minamoto no Yorimitsu by daughter of Minamoto no Sugaru
    • Minamoto no Yorihira by daughter of Minamoto no Sugaru
    • Minamoto no Yorichika by daughter of Fujiwara no Munetada
    • Minamoto no Genken (977-1020) by daughter of Minamoto no Sugaru
    • Minamoto no Yorinobu by daughter of Fujiwara no Munetada
    • Minamoto no Yorinori
    • Minamoto no Yoriaki
    • Minamoto no Yorisada
    • Minamoto no Yorihiro
    • daughter married Fujiwara no Yorichika
    • daughter married Minamoto no Atsushi
    • daughter married Fujiwara no Michitsuna

References

  1. ↑ Oboroya Hisashi, Seiwa Genji
  2. ↑ John Whitney Hall, Donald H. Shively, William H. McCullough, The Cambridge History of Japan: Heian Japan, 63-64
  3. ↑ Oboroya Hisashi, Minamoto no Yorimitsu, 96-97
  4. ↑ Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. p. 240-241. ISBN 0804705232.
  5. ↑ Karl F. Friday, The First Samurai: The Life and Legend of the Warrior Rebel Taira Masakado, 148
  6. ↑ Karl F. Friday, The First Samurai: The Life and Legend of the Warrior Rebel Taira Masakado, 148
  7. ↑ Oboroya Hisashi,Minamoto no Yorimitsu, 1
  8. ↑ Sato, Hiroaki (1995). Legends of the Samurai. Overlook Duckworth. p. 22-29. ISBN 9781590207307.
  9. ↑ Minoru Shinoda, The Founding of the Kamakura Shogunate, 1180-1185, 39
  • Papinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.


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