Military awards and decorations of the United Kingdom

The British Armed Forces recognises service and personal accomplishments of individuals while a member of the Royal Navy, British Army or Royal Air Force with the awarding of various awards and decorations.

Together with rank and qualification badges, such awards are a means to outwardly display the highlights of a serviceperson's career.

Order of wear

All services use a common order of wear, the following general rules apply:[1]

  1. The Victoria Cross and the George Cross
  2. United Kingdom Decorations
  3. Order of St John (all classes)
  4. United Kingdom Medals for Gallantry and for Distinguished Service
  5. United Kingdom Operational Service Medals (including authorised United Nations Medals and Medals of other recognised International Organisations). Worn in order of date of award
  6. United Kingdom Polar Medals
  7. United Kingdom Police Medals for Valuable Service
  8. United Kingdom Jubilee, Coronation and Durbar Medals
  9. Long Service and Efficiency Awards
  10. Commonwealth Orders, Decorations and Medals instituted by the Sovereign. Worn in order of date of award.
  11. Commonwealth Orders, Decorations and Medals instituted since 1949 otherwise than by the Sovereign (including those of the States of Malaysia and the State of Brunei). Worn in order of date of award.
  12. Foreign Orders. If approved for wear, worn in order of date of award.
  13. Foreign Decorations. If approved for wear, worn in order of date of award.
  14. Foreign Medals. If approved for wear, worn in order of date of award.

British military medals and ribbons

Military orders and decorations

Emblem Description Postnom Established Eligibility Period [1] Remarks
Level 1 Decorations
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textVictoria CrossVC5 February 1856[2]Jan 1856 – presentFor valour in combat.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textGeorge CrossGC24 September 1940[3]1940 – presentFor valour other than in combat.
Orders – First Class
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKnight/Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
(Military Division)		GCB(Mil)27 May 1725[4][5]27 May 1725 – present[4][5]Prior to 2 January 1815, this grade was known as a Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath.[4][5]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textOrder of Merit
(Military Division)		OM(Mil)23 June 1902[6]23 June 1902 – present[6]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKnight/Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
(Military Division)		GBE(Mil)24 August 1917[7][8]4 June 1917 – present[7][8]
Orders – Second Class
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKnight/Dame Commander of the Order of the Bath
(Military Division)		KCB(Mil)
DCB(Mil)		2 January 1815[4][5]2 January 1815 – present[4][5]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKnight/Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire
(Military Division)		KBE(Mil)
DBE(Mil)		24 August 1917[7][8]4 June 1917 – present[7][8]
Orders – Third Class
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCompanion of the Order of the Bath
(Military Division)		CB(Mil)2 January 1815[4][5]1815 – present[4][5]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCommander of the Order of the British Empire
(Military Division)		CBE(Mil)24 August 1917[7][8]4 June 1917 – present[7][8]
Level 2A Decoration (Order)
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textDistinguished Service OrderDSO9 November 1886[9]1885 – present[10]From Oct 1993 awarded for leadership only. Replaced for gallantry in Oct 1993 by the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross.[9]
Orders – Fourth Class
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textOfficer of the Order of the British Empire
(Military Division)		OBE(Mil)24 August 1917[7][8]4 June 1917 – present[7][8]
Orders – Fifth Class
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textMember of the Order of the British Empire
(Military Division)		MBE(Mil)24 August 1917[7][8]4 June 1917 – present[7][8]
Level 2A Indian Order (Decoration)
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndian Order of Merit (1st Class)
(Military Division)		IOM(Mil)1837–1911Replaced by the VC in 1911.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndian Order of Merit (2nd Class)
(Military Division)		IOM(Mil)1837–1947
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndian Order of Merit (3rd Class)
(Military Division)		IOM(Mil)1837–1947
Level 2A Decorations
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textConspicuous Gallantry CrossCGCOctober 19931993 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textRoyal Red Cross (Class I)RRC27 April 18831883 – present
Level 3A Decorations
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textDistinguished Service CrossDSCJune 19011901 – presentAwarded only to officers until 1993.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textMilitary CrossMCDec 1914[11]1914 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textDistinguished Flying CrossDFCJune 19181918 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAir Force CrossAFC3 June 1918[12]1918 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textRoyal Red Cross (Class II)ARRC27 April 18831917 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textOrder of British India (First Class)OBI1837–1947
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textOrder of British India (Second Class)OBI1837–1947
Level 2B Medals
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textDistinguished Conduct MedalDCM18541854–1993Replaced in Oct 1993 by the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textConspicuous Gallantry MedalCGM1874–1993
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textConspicuous Gallantry Medal (Flying)CGM18741874–1993
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textGeorge MedalGMSeptember 19401940 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textRoyal West African Frontier Force Distinguished Conduct Medal19071907–1942
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKing's African Rifles Distinguished Conduct Medal19071907–1942
Level 3B Medals
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndian Distinguished Service MedalIDSMJune 19071907–1947
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textDistinguished Service MedalDSMOctober 19141914–1993Equivalent awards for ORs to similarly named crosses for officers.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textMilitary MedalMM25 March 19161916–1993
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textDistinguished Flying MedalDFMJune 19181918–1993
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAir Force MedalAFM3 June 19181918–1993
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textSea Gallantry MedalSGM10 August 18541854 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textBurma Gallantry MedalBGM10 May 1940[13]1940–1948
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen's Gallantry MedalQGM20 June 19741974 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textBritish Empire Medal
(Military Division)		BEM(Mil)24 August 1917[7][8]4 June 1917[7] – 1993[8]
2012–present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen's Volunteer Reserves MedalQVRM19991999 – present
Level 4 Commendations
Mentioned in DispatchesNil19191914 – presentInsignia attached to appropriate campaign medal; if no campaign medal awarded, insignia attached after any medal ribbons
King's/Queen's Commendation for Brave ConductNil19431939–1994
King's/Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the AirNil19421939–1994
Queen's Commendation for BraveryNil19941994 – present
Queen's Commendation for Bravery in the AirNil19941994 – present
Queen's Commendation for Valuable ServiceNil19941993 – present

Note [1] Eligibility period start dates reflect respective establishment dates, except where available evidence indicates otherwise.

Military campaign medals

Emblem Description Established Eligibility Period Remarks
18th Century Campaign Medals
Yellow CordMorighyr Mutiny Medal17661766[14]HEIC Issue.[C 1]
Yellow CordDeccan Medal17841778–1784HEIC Issue. Awarded in gold to Subadars, silver gilt to Jemadars and other native officers, and silver to 'native' non-commissioned officers and soldiers.[14]
Yellow CordMysore Medal1 April 17931790–1792HEIC Issue. Awarded in gold to Subadars, silver gilt to Jemadars and Serrangs, and silver to 'native' non-commissioned officers and soldiers.[14]
19th Century Campaign Medals
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textSiege of Seringapatam Medal1801March 1799 – 8 May 1799HEIC Issue. Awarded in gold, silver gilt, silver, bronze and tin dependent upon rank and position to both British subjects and 'native' soldiers. Authorised for British Army wear on 29 August 1815. Several other ribbons were worn unofficially.[14]
Yellow CordMedal for Egypt 180131 July 18028 March – 31 August 1801HEIC Issue. Awarded in gold to senior officers, and silver to all others eligible.[14]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textArmy Gold Medal18061808–1814Issued with battle/action claps where appropriate.[15]
Yellow CordCapture of Ceylon Medal15 May 18071795–1796HEIC Issue. Awarded in gold to 'native' officers, and silver to 'native' non-commissioned officers and soldiers.[14]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textArmy Gold Cross18101808–1814Issued with battle/action clasps where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textWaterloo Medal181616 – 18 June 1815
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textBurma Medal18261824–1826HEIC Issue. Awarded in gold to native officers and silver to native non-commissioned officers and soldiers.[16]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textGhuznee Medal183921 – 23 July 1839HEIC Issue.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCandahar, Ghuznee, Cabul Medal18421839–1842HEIC Issue.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textJellalabad Medals1842November 1841 – 16 April 1842HEIC Issue.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textMedal for the Defence of Kelat-I-Ghilzie1842February – May 1842HEIC Issue.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textChina War Medal (1842)18435 July 1840 – 29 August 1842Issued with clasps for Second China War where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textScinde Medal22 September 18431842–1843HEIC Issue. Issued in one of three types: "Meeanee 1843", "Hyderabad 1843" and "Meeanee/Hyderabad 1843".
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textGwalior Star18431843HEIC Issue, issued for the Battle of Gwalior, which was fought at Maharajpur and Panihaar. Medals indicated in central disc of star the battleground for which it was issued[17]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textMaharajpoor Star184329 December 1843HEIC Issue.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textPunniar Star184329 December 1843HEIC Issue.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textSutlej Medal17 April 18467 September 1845 – 14 March 1849HEIC Issue. Issued with battle/action clasps where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNaval General Service Medal18471793–1840Always issued with battle/action clasps.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textMilitary General Service Medal1 June 18471793–1814Always issued with battle/action clasps.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textPunjab Medal2 April 18497 September 1848 – 14 March 1849HEIC Issue. Issued with battle/action clasps where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textArmy of India Medal21 March 18511803–1826HEIC Issue. Always issued with battle/action clasps.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndia General Service Medal (1854)11 March 18541852–1895Issued in silver. From 1885, issued in bronze to non-enlisted support personnel. Always issued with battle/action clasps.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textSouth Africa Medal (1854)18541834–1835
1846–1847
1850–1853
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCrimean War Medal15 Dec 18541854–1856Issued with battle/action clasps where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textBaltic Medal23 April 18561854–1855
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndian Mutiny Medal18581857–1858Issued with battle/action clasps where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textSecond China War Medal6 March 18611856–1860Issued with battle/action clasps where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNew Zealand Medal18691845–1848
1860–1866
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAbyssinian War Medal1869October 1867 – April 1868
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCanada General Service Medal18991866–1870
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAshantee MedalJune 18741873–1874
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textSouth Africa Medal (1880)Aug 18801877–1879Issued with campaign clasp where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAfghanistan Medal18811878–1880
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKabul to Kandahar StarMarch 18811880
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textEgypt MedalOct 18821882–1889
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textRoyal Niger Company’s Medal18991886–1897Issued by the Royal Niger Company for minor military operations.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textEast and West Africa Medal189213 November 1887 – 8 May 1900
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCentral Africa Medal18951891–1894Issued in silver to combatants and in bronze to support personnel.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndia General Service Medal (1895)1 April 18963 March 1895 – 10 March 1902Always issued with appropriate campaign clasps.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAshanti Star18961895–1896
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen's Sudan Medal18991896–1898
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textEast and Central Africa Medal189920 July 1897 – 2 May 1899Always issued with appropriate campaign clasps.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen's South Africa MedalApr 190111 October 1899 – 31 May 1902Issued in silver to officers and enlisted personnel and in bronze to non-enlisted support personnel. Issued with appropriate battle or state clasps where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen's Mediterranean Medal19021899–1902
20th Century Campaign Medals
Pre–World War
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textThird China War Medal19011900Issued in silver to officers and enlisted personnel and in bronze to non-enlisted support personnel. Issued with battle/action clasps where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAshanti Medal1901March – December 1901
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKing's South Africa Medal19021 January – 1 June 1902Issued with clasps South Africa 1901 and South Africa 1902 where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAfrica General Service Medal19021900 – 1962
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textTransport Medal19031899 – 1902For South Africa or China.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textTibet Medal1 February 190513 December 1903 – 23 September 1904Issued in silver to officers and enlisted personnel and in bronze to non-enlisted support personnel.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndia General Service Medal (1909)1 January 19091908–1935Issued in silver to officers and enlisted personnel and, during 1908–1912, in bronze to non-enlisted support personnel. Always issued with appropriate campaign clasps.
World War I
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text1914 StarApr 19175 August – 22 November 1914Issued with clasp 5 Aug – 22 November 1914 where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text1914-15 StarDec 19185 August 1914 – 31 December 1915
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textBritish War Medal26 July 19195 August 1914 – 11 November 1918Issued in silver to officers and enlisted soldiers and in bronze to non-enlisted support personnel.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textVictory Medal1 September 19195 August 1914 – 11 November 1918
1919–1920
11 Nov 1918 – 30 November 1919		World War 1. Issued with MID oak leaf cluster where appropriate.
British Naval Mission to Russia
North Sea mine clearance
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textTerritorial Force War MedalApr 19204 August 1914 – 11 November 1918
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textMercantile Marine War Medal1 September 19194 August 1914 – 11 November 1918
Inter-World War
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNaval General Service Medal (1915)6 August 19151909 – 23 December 1962Always issued with appropriate campaign clasps.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textGeneral Service Medal (1918)19 January 192312 November 1918 – 23 December 1962Always issued with appropriate campaign clasps.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndia General Service Medal (1936)3 August 19381936 – 1939Always issued with appropriate campaign clasps. Issued with MID oak leaf where appropriate.
World War II
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text1939–45 StarJuly 19433 September 1939 – 2 September 1945Issued with clasps Battle of Britain or Bomber Command where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAtlantic StarMay 19453 September 1939 – 8 May 1945Issued with clasps Air Crew Europe or France and Germany where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textArctic StarDecember 20123 September 1939 – 8 May 1945
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAir Crew Europe StarMay 19453 September 1939 – 5 June 1944Issued with clasps Atlantic or France and Germany where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAfrica StarJuly 194310 June 1940 – 12 May 1943Issued with clasps 8th Army or 1st Army or North Africa 1942 – 43 where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textPacific Star19458 December 1941 – 2 September 1945Issued with clasp Burma where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textBurma Star194511 December 1941 – 2 September 1945Issued with clasp Pacific where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textItaly StarMay 194511 June 1943 – 8 May 1945
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textFrance and Germany StarMay 19456 June 1944 – 8 May 1945Issued with clasp Atlantic where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textDefence Medal16 August 19453 September 1939 – 2 September 1945Issued with KCBC silver oak leaf where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textWar Medal 1939–194516 August 19453 September 1939 – 2 September 1945Issued with MID bronze oak leaf or KCBC silver oak leaf where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndia Service Medal6 June 19463 September 1939 – 2 September 1945
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCanadian Volunteer Service Medal22 October 19433 September 1939 – 1 March 1947Issued with Maple Leaf, Dieppe, or Hong Kong clasps where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAfrica Service Medal23 Dec 19436 September 1939 – 2 September 1945Awarded by the Union of South Africa. Issued with the King's Commendation (South Africa) (1939–45) emblem where appropriate.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAustralia Service MedalNov 19493 September 1939 – 2 September 1945
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNew Zealand War Service Medal30 Sept 1948[18]3 September 1939 – 2 September 1945
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textSouthern Rhodesia Medal for War Service19481939 – 1945
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNewfoundland Volunteer War Service Medal17 Dec 19933 September 1939 – 2 September 1945
Post–World War
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKorea MedalJul 19511 July 1950 – 27 July 1953
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textGeneral Service Medal (1962)6 October 196424 December 1962 – 31 July 2007[19]Always issued with appropriate campaign clasps. Replaced 1918 GSM.
Ribbon bar image refer toadjacent textSouth Atlantic Medal19822 April – 12 July 1982[20]Issued with Rosette for service between 35° and 60° South.[20]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text2 April – 21 October 1982[21]Issued without Rosette for service between 7° and 60° South
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textGulf Medal19922 August 1990 – 7 March 1991[20]Issued with clasp August 1990 or 6 Jan to 28 February 1991 where appropriate.[20]
21st Century Campaign Medals
See belowOperational Service Medal (OSM)1 January 2000[22]See belowReplaced General Service Medal 1962. Issued with a separate ribbon for each campaign.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textOSM Sierra Leone20025 May 2000 – 31 July 2002[22]Issued with Rosette for Op BARRAS or Op MAIDENLY where appropriate.[22]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textOSM Afghanistan200311 September 2001 – present[22]Issued with clasp Afghanistan where appropriate.[22]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textOSM Democratic Republic of Congo200514 June 2003 – 10 September 2003[22]Always issued with Clasp DROC.[22]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIraq Medal23 February 200420 January 2003 – 22 May 2011[20]Issued with clasp 19 Mar to 28 April 2003 where appropriate.[20]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIraq Reconstruction Service Medal26 June 200419 March 2003 – 2013
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCivilian Service Medal (Afghanistan)6 April 20119 November 2001 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textEbola Medal for Service in West Africa11 June 201523 March 2014 – 29 March 2016[23]First UK campaign medal issued for response to humanitarian crisis.[24]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textGeneral Service Medal (2008)2015January 2008 – present[25]New GSM Medal for recipients who have served on medal worthy operations facing dangerous and demanding circumstances that do not qualify for other medals, especially the OSM medals.[26]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textOSM Iraq and Syria201826 September 2014 – presentIssued with Clasp Iraq and Syria for service in area of operations.

Notes:

  1. ↑ The Honourable East India Company (HEIC)

Coronation and Jubilee medals

EmblemDescriptionEstablishedDate of EventRemarks
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen Victoria Golden Jubilee Medal[27]188721 June 1887Issued in Gold, Silver or Bronze
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen Victoria Diamond Jubilee Medal189720 June 1897Issued in Gold, Silver or Bronze
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKing Edward VII Coronation Medal190226 June 1902Issued in Silver or Bronze
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKing George V Coronation Medal191123 June 1911Civil/Military award
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKing George V Silver Jubilee Medal19356 May 1935
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKing George VI Coronation Medal193712 May 1937
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal19532 June 1953
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal19776 February 1977
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal20026 February 2002
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal20126 February 2012

Efficiency and long service decorations and medals

Emblem Description Post
nom		 Estab. Eligibility Period Remarks
Meritorious Service
See belowMeritorious Service Medal–
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Meritorious Service Medal–1845 – presentArmy
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Meritorious Service Medal (Royal Navy)–19191928 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Meritorious Service Medal (Royal Marines)–18491947 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Meritorious Service Medal (Royal Air Force)–19181928 – present
Accumulated Campaign Service
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAccumulated Campaign Service Medal–19941969–2011Replaced with ACSM 11
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text–20112008 –Qualifying period reduced from 36 to 24 months
Long Service and Good Conduct
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textArmy Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–1830–1930Army
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textMedal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Military)–1930 – presentArmy
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNaval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (1830)–1830–1847Navy
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNaval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (1848)–1848 – presentNavy
Meritorious Service (resumed)
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textMedal for Meritorious Service (Royal Navy)MSM1918–1928
Long Service and Good Conduct (resumed)
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndian Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–For Europeans of the Indian Army.
Meritorious Service (resumed)
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndian Meritorious Service Medal–For Europeans of the Indian Army.
Royal Marines Meritorious Service Medal–1849–1947
Royal Air Force Meritorious Service Medal–1918–1928
Long Service and Good Conduct (resumed)
Royal Air Force Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–1919 – presentAir Force
Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Ulster Defence Regiment)–
Permanent Forces of the Empire Beyond the Seas Medal–19091919–1932
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndian Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (for the Indian Army)–
Royal West African Frontier Force Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–
Royal Sierra Leone Military Forces Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–
King's African Rifles Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–
Meritorious Service (resumed)
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textIndian Meritorious Service Medal (for the Indian Army)–
Hong Kong Disciplined Services Medal–
Part Time Forces Long Service
Army Emergency Reserve DecorationERD
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textVolunteer Officers' DecorationVD1892–1930
Volunteer Long Service Medal–1894–1930 HAC ribbon
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textVolunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the ColoniesVD1894–1899
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textVolunteer Long Service Medal for India and the Colonies–1896–1930
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textColonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' DecorationVD 1921–1927
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textColonial Auxiliary Forces Long Service Medal–
Gunnery
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNaval Good Shooting Medal–19031903–14
Part Time Forces Long Service (resumed)[28]
Militia Long Service Medal–19041904–1930
Imperial Yeomanry Long Service Medal–19041904–1908
See belowTerritorial DecorationTD
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Territorial DecorationTD19081908–1999
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Territorial Decoration (HAC)TD19081908–1999
Ceylon Armed Services Long Service Medal–19681968–1972
See belowEfficiency DecorationTD
ED
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Efficiency DecorationTD/ED1930–
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Efficiency Decoration (HAC)TD1930–1999
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Efficiency Decoration (T&AVR)TD1967–1999
See belowEfficiency Medal–
  Territorial Force Efficiency Medal–19081908–1921
  Territorial Efficiency Medal–19211921–1930
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Efficiency Medal–1930–1999
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Army Emergency Reserve Efficiency Medal–19561953–1976
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Efficiency Medal (Territorial & Volunteer Reserve)–1930–1999
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Efficiency Medal (HAC)–1930–1999
Special Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–19081908–1930
Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval ReserveRD1908–1999
Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Volunteer ReserveVRD
Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–
Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–
Royal Fleet Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–
Royal Naval Wireless Auxiliary Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–
Royal Naval Auxiliary Service Long Service Medal–
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textAir Efficiency AwardAE1942–1999Only award to officers entitles use of postnominal.
See belowVolunteer Reserves Service Medal–
  Volunteer Reserves Service MedalVR1999 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text  Volunteer Reserves Service Medal (HAC)VR1999 – present
Ulster Defence Regiment MedalUDOnly award to officers entitles use of postnominal.
Northern Ireland Home Service Medal–
Marksmanship
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen's Medal for Champion Shots of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines–19661966–
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen's Medal for Champion Shots of the New Zealand Naval Forces–19581955–
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen's Medal for Champion Shots in the Military Forces–18691870–82
1923–
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textQueen's Medal for Champion Shots of the Air Forces–19531953–
Part Time Forces Long Service (resumed)
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCadet Forces Medal–February 19501950 – present
Coastguard Auxiliary Service Long Service Medal–
Special Constabulary Long Service Medal–
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCanadian Forces DecorationCD1949 – present
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textRoyal Observer Corps Medal–19501941–1995
Civil Defence Long Service Medal–
Ambulance Service (Emergency Duties) Long Service and Good Conduct Medal–
Royal Fleet Auxiliary Service Medal–
Voluntary Service Medals
Women's Royal Voluntary Service Medal–19611961–
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textSouth African Medal for War Services–19451939–1946

National independence medals

EmblemDescriptionEstab.Eligibility PeriodRemarks
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textRhodesia Medal19801 December 1979 – 20 March 1980[29]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnion of South Africa Commemoration Medal1910
Indian Independence Medal1947
Pakistan Medal
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCeylon Armed Services Inauguration Medal19551949–51
Sierra Leone Independence Medal1961
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textJamaica Independence Medal
Nigerian Independence Medal1960
Uganda Independence Medal1962
Malawi Independence Medal1964
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textFiji Independence Medal1970
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textPapua New Guinea Independence Medal
Solomon Islands Independence Medal1978

Foreign and international

International campaign medals

Worn with other United Kingdom campaign medals in order of date of issue (except where noted otherwise).

Emblem Description Eligibility Period Remarks
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for Korea27 June 1950 – 27 July 1955Established 12 December 1950
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for ONUC10 July 1960 – 30 June 1964[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNFICYP27 March 1964 – present[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNTAG1 April 1989 – 31 March 1990[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Special Service Medal1989–1990[31]
3 Jul 1992 – 12 January 1996[31]
Apr 1991 – present[31]		For: Peshawar UNOCHA[31]
Sarajevo Airlift[31]
Iraq UNSCOM[31]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNIKOM1 April 1991 – 6 October 2003[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for MINURSO1 April 1991 – present[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textEuropean Community Monitor Mission Medal25 July 1991 – 30 June 1992[32]For service in the Former Yugoslavia.[32]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNAMIC1 October 1991 – 31 March 1992[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNPROFOR1 March 1992 – 31 December 1995[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNTAC1 April 1992 – 30 September 1993[30]
NATO Former Republic of Yugoslavia Medal1 July 1992 – 31 December 2002[33]Issued with clasp Former Yugoslavia.[33]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textWestern European Union Mission Service Medal1 July 1992 – 31 December 1996[32]For Service in the Former Yugoslavia.[32]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNOMIG23 August 1993 – present[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNAMIR1 October 1993 – 31 March 1996[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNAVEM III1 February 1995 – 1 June 1997[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNTAESJan 1996 – Jan 1998[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNOMSIL1 June 1998 – 30 September 1999[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNATO Kosovo Medal13 October 1998 – 31 December 2002[33]Issued with clasp Kosovo.[33]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNAMET7 June 1999 – 24 October 1999[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNMIK10 June 1999 – present[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNAMSIL1 October 1999 – present[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNTAET25 October 1999 – present[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for MONUC30 November 1999 – present[30]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnited Nations Service Medal for UNMEE15 September 2000 – present[30]
NATO Macedonia Medal1 June 2001 – 31 December 2002[33]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNATO Non-Article 5 Medal for the Balkans1 January 2003 – 20 December 2004[33]
1 Jan 2003 – present[33]
1 Jan 2003 – 31 March 2003[33]		Issued with clasp Non Article 5 for: Balkans[33]
Kosovo[33]
Macedonia[33]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textEuropean Security and Defence Policy Service Medal – Op Althea2 Dec 2004 – present[32]Issued with clasp Althea.[32]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNATO Non-Article 5 Medal for Operation Unified Protector23 Mar 2011 – 31 Oct 2011[33]Issued with clasp OUP-LIBYA/LIBYE.[33]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCommon Security and Defence Policy Service Medal – EUFOR RCA30 June 2014 – 30 May 2015[32]Issued with clasp EUFOR RCA.[32]
Multinational Force and Observers Medal March 2016 - June 2016 Issued in 2017 to troops of 9 Parachute Squadron Royal Engineers.[34]

Commonwealth orders

Worn after all United Kingdom awards (including international awards treated as United Kingdom awards). Honorary awards are worn before substantive awards.

Commonwealth decorations

Worn after all Commonwealth orders.

Commonwealth campaign and commemorative medals

Worn after all Commonwealth decorations.

Emblem Description Established Eligibility Period Remarks
Brunei General Service Medal12 August 1966 – present[35]Sultanate of Brunei. Seconded forces only.[35]
Malaya Active Service Medal31 August 1957 – 15 September 1963[35]Malaysia. Seconded forces only.[35]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textPingat Jasa MalaysiaMalaysia 200431 August 1957 – 31 December 1966Permission to wear as at 6 Nov 11.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKenya Campaign Medal12 December 1963 – 30 November 1967[35]Kenya. Seconded forces only.[35]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCampaign Medal1959[36][37]23 May 1965 – 30 September 1976[35]Oman. Seconded forces only. Referred to in JSP761 as Muscat/Oman Dhofar Campaign Medal.[35]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textMalaysia General Service Medal11 August 1966 – 31 December 1989[35]Malaysia. Seconded forces only.[35]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textUnitas Medal1 June 1994 – 26 April 2003[35]Republic of South Africa. BMATT personnel only.[35]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textInternational Force East Timor Medal25 March 2000[38]16 September 1999 – 10 April 2000[35]Australia[35]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textMalta George Cross Fiftieth Anniversary Medal1992[39]10 June 1940 – 8 September 1943[39]Malta. Not able to be worn whilst in Crown Service[40]

Foreign orders

Worn after all Commonwealth awards.

Emblem Description Established Eligibility Period Remarks
Imperial Order of the Crescent17991799–1801Ottoman Empire. Knight First Class and Knight Second Class. Awarded to senior British officers during the Napoleonic wars.[14]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textChevalier Légion d'Honneur19 May 18021914–1918
1944		France. Awarded to surviving United Kingdom citizens who participated on French soil in the Great War (1914–18),[41] or in the French liberation campaigns (1944).[42]

Foreign decorations

Worn after all foreign orders.

Foreign campaign and commemorative medals

Worn after all foreign decorations.

Emblem Description Established Eligibility Period Remarks
Turkish Crimea Medal21 February 1856[43]1854–1856[44]Ottoman Empire
Khedive's Star1882–1891Khedivate of Egypt. Bronze star. Issued to all who were awarded the Egypt Medal.
Khedive's Sudan Medal (1897)1896–1899Khedivate of Egypt.
Khedive's Sudan Medal (1910)1910Khedivate of Egypt.
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textGeneral Service Medal1963[36][37]23 May 1965 – 30 June 1976[35]Sultanate of Oman. Issued with clasp Dhofar where applicable. Seconded forces only.[35]
The Accession Medal1970[36][37]23 July 1970[35]Sultanate of Oman. Seconded forces only.[35]
The Peace Medal1979[37]1 July 1976 – 17 November 1985[35]Sultanate of Oman. Seconded forces only.[35]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textEndurance Medal (Al-Sumood)1976[36][37]23 May 1965 – 2 December 1975[35]Seconded forces only. Referred to in JSP761 as the 'Muscat Victory Medal (As Sumood)'.[35]
Medal for the 40th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War1985[45]1941–1945USSR. For Arctic convoy service. Also known as the Russian Convoy Medal 1941–1945 40th Anniversary Medal.[46]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text30th Renaissance Medal2000[37]18 November 2000[35]Sultanate of Oman. Seconded forces only.[35]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent text35th Renaissance Medal2005[37]18 November 2005[29]Sultanate of Oman. Seconded forces only.[29]

Decorations and medals authorised for acceptance but not for official wear

Official permission has been granted for this medal to be accepted, but it is not authorised for wear.[33]

EmblemDescriptionEligibility PeriodRemarks
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNATO Meritorious Service Medal2003 – present[33]Issued with clasp Meritorious.[33]

Campaign medals authorised for acceptance but not for official wear

Official permission has been granted for these medals to be accepted, but they are not authorised for wear.[32][33]

Emblem Description Eligibility Period Remarks
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKuwait Liberation Medal17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991Saudi Arabia Established 1991
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textKuwait Liberation Medal2 August 1990 – 31 August 1993Kuwait Established 1994
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNATO Article 5 Medal for Service on Op ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR26 October 2001 – present[33]Issued with clasp Article 5.[33]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNATO Article 5 Medal for Service on Op EAGLE ASSIST16 May 2002 – present[33]Issued with clasp Article 5.[33]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textEuropean Security and Defence Policy Service Medal – Op Artemis14 June 2003 – 10 December 2003[32]Issued with clasp Artemis for service in the Congo.[32]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textCommon Security and Defence Policy Service Medal – Op Atalanta8 December 2008 – present[32]Issued with clasp EUNAVFOR ATALANTA for service in counter-piracy operations.[32]

Campaign medals not authorised for acceptance or official wear

Official permission has been refused for these medals to be accepted and they are not authorised for wear.[33]

Emblem Description Eligibility Period Remarks
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNATO Non-Article 5 Medal for Pakistan Earthquake Service8 October 2005 – 1 February 2006[33]Issued with clasp Pakistan.[33]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNATO Non-Article 5 Medal for Service with ISAF1 June 2003 – present[33][47]Issued with clasp ISAF.[33]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNATO Non-Article 5 Medal for NATO Training Mission (Iraq)18 August 2004 – present[33]Issued with clasp NTM-Iraq.[33]
Ribbon bar image refer to adjacent textNATO Non-Article 5 Medal for AMIS13 July 2005 – present[33]Issued with clasp AMIS.[33]

Devices

Emblem Description Remarks
Image of silver rosette used on ribbon bars
RosetteRepresents the award of a bar to a decoration, or service in a specified zone of the area of operations when used on a campaign medal. They are worn when the ribbon only is worn. For selected campaign medals, they are also worn on the riband of the campaign medal (when worn with full or miniature medals) to indicate service in a specified zone.
Crossed silver oakleavesFrom 14 January 1958, any individual made a member of the Order of the British Empire for gallantry (in the grades of Commander, Officer, Member), or awarded the British Empire Medal for gallantry, could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge.[48]
Medal barA bar is worn on the riband of a decoration (when worn with full or miniature medals) to denote each additional award of the decoration. Bars are positioned with even spacing between the top and the bottom of the ribbon.
Medal claspWorn on the riband of campaign medals (when worn with full or miniature medals) to denote the particular campaign, battle, or region the recipient operated in to receive the award. Clasps are positioned at the bottom of the ribbon with successive clasps placed adjacent to each other (with a small gap). The earliest earned clasp is positioned at the bottom whilst the most recent is placed at the top.

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Ministry of Defence, JSP761, Chapter 12, Annex A, 'London Gazette Guidance on the Order of Wear'
  2. ↑ London Gazette, "Dates for the Introduction of Medals", p. 5.
  3. ↑ London Gazette, "Dates for the Introduction of Medals", p. 3.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "No. 20737". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 May 1847. pp. 1947–1957. , Subjoined Statutes of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Duckers, Peter, British Orders and Decorations, pp. 21–24.
  6. 1 2 Martin, Stanley, The Order of Merit, p. 31.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "No. 30250". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 24 August 1917. pp. 7791–7999. , Statutes of the Order of the British Empire.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Duckers, Peter, British Orders and Decorations, pp. 30–32.
  9. 1 2 London Gazette, "Dates for the Introduction of Medals", p. 2.
  10. ↑ "No. 25650". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 November 1886. pp. 5975–5976. , DSO Awards for the Battle of Ginnis and Third Anglo-Burmese War
  11. ↑ London Gazette, "Dates for the Introduction of Medals", p. 4.
  12. ↑ London Gazette, "Dates for the Introduction of Medals", p. 1.
  13. ↑ Royal Warrant for the Burma Gallantry Medal, London Gazette, 4 September 1945, date accessed 6 April 2011.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Steward, W. Augustus (1915). War Medals and Their History (Google Book). London: Stanley Paul and Company. pp. 9–17. ISBN 978-1-4086-9712-2. OCLC 459070961. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  15. ↑ Steward, W. Augustus (1915). War Medals and Their History (Google Book). London: Stanley Paul and Company. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-1-4086-9712-2. OCLC 459070961. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  16. ↑ Joslin, Litherland and Simpkin. British Battles and Medals. p. 101. Published Spink, London. 1988.
  17. ↑ Gwailor Campaign Star (Maharajpoor), The Fitzwilliam Museum, accessed 3 January 2011.
  18. ↑ Royal Warrant – New Zealand War Service Medal (accessed 6 June 2010)
  19. ↑ Ministry of Defence, JSP761, Chapter 8, Annex A, para 3, 'General Service Medal 1962'
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ministry of Defence, JSP761, Chapter 8, Annex A, para 1, 'Medals for Individual Campaigns or Operations'
  21. ↑ Medals: campaigns, descriptions and eligibility, UK Government
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ministry of Defence, JSP761, Chapter 8, Annex A, para 2, 'Operational Service Medal'
  23. ↑ "The Ebola Medal for Service in West Africa" (PDF). gov.uk. HMSO. June 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  24. ↑ "Ebola medal for over 3000 heroes". gov.uk. HM Government. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  25. ↑ "Defence Secretary awards new medal to 46 troops". Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom). Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom). 12 June 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  26. ↑ Channon, Max (11 June 2016). "Armed Forces personnel from Plymouth among first to receive new medals". Plymouth Herald. Plymouth Herald. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  27. ↑ Howard N Cole. Coronation and Royal Commemorative Medals. p. 1, ribbon chart. Published J. B. Hayward & Son, London. 1977.
  28. ↑ http://www.remuseum.org.uk/articles/medal_Aug07.pdf
  29. 1 2 3 Ministry of Defence, JSP761, Chapter 12, Annex B, 'Wearing of Orders, Decorations and Medals by Service Personnel'
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Ministry of Defence, JSP761, Chapter 8, Annex A, para 4, 'United Nations'
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ministry of Defence, JSP761, Chapter 8, Annex A, para 5, 'United Nations Special Service Medal'
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Ministry of Defence, JSP761, Chapter 8, Annex A, para 9, 'European and Other International'
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Ministry of Defence, JSP761, Chapter 8, Annex A, para 6, 'NATO'
  34. ↑ Cornwell, Richard. "Woodbridge soldiers receive medals for role in peacekeeping project". Ipswich Star. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Ministry of Defence, JSP761, Chapter 8, Annex A, para 8, 'Foreign and Commonwealth'
  36. 1 2 3 4 "Arab Medals – Oman". gmic.co.uk. Gentlemen's Military Interest Club. 6 February 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Barrio, Antonio Prieto. "Ribbon Collection – Oman" (gif). Colecciones Militares (in English and Arabic).
  38. ↑ Commonwealth of Australia Gazette S159 International Forces East Timor Medal Letters Patent and Regulations (PDF). Canberra: AusInfo. 30 March 2000. ISBN 978-0-642-43441-8. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  39. 1 2 Rooker, R.J. "152 Hyderabad F Squadron Battle Honours and Medals". . Retrieved 15 June 2010. External link in |work= (help)
  40. ↑ "No. 52894". The London Gazette. 15 April 1992. p. 6728.
  41. ↑ "The London Gazette: 15 October 1998. Issue: 55282. Notice ID:L-55282-24SI".
  42. ↑ "MOD press release: 25 July 2014. Legion d'Honneur awarded to surviving veterans of 1944 French campaigns".
  43. ↑ Hayward, John. "Numismatic Notes Part 7: After the War was Over – Turkish Crimea Medal 1856–1862". . London: Spink. Retrieved 15 June 2010. External link in |work= (help) Date based on offer to British forces by the Sultan of Turkey.
  44. ↑ Duckers, Peter, British Campaign Medals 1815–1914, p. 17.
  45. ↑ "No. 53538". The London Gazette. 4 January 1994. pp. 1–2.
  46. ↑ "The Russian Convoy Medal". veterans-uk.info. London: Service Personnel and Veterans Agency. Archived from the original on 13 January 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  47. ↑ NATO Medals (accessed 6 June 2010)
  48. ↑ "No. 41285". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 January 1958. p. 365.

Bibliography

  • Duckers, Peter (2008) [2000]. British Campaign Medals 1815–1914. Oxford: Shire Publications. ISBN 978-0-7478-0465-9. OCLC 44397385.
  • —— (2008) [2001]. British Campaign Medals 1914–2005. Oxford: Shire Publications. ISBN 978-0-7478-0649-3. OCLC 72145103.
  • —— (2010) [2001]. British Gallantry Awards 1815–2000. Oxford: Shire Publications. ISBN 978-0-7478-0516-8. OCLC 248128466.
  • —— (2009) [2004]. British Orders and Decorations. Oxford: Shire Publications. ISBN 978-0-7478-0580-9. OCLC 55587484.
  • —— (2006) [2005]. The Victoria Cross. Oxford: Shire Publications. ISBN 978-0-7478-0635-6. OCLC 61302377.
  • Honours and Appointments Secretariat (c. 2004). Order of Wear (PDF). London: UK Honours and Appointments Secretariat. Archived from the original (Adobe Acrobat) on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  • London Gazette (7 April 2009). Dates for the Introduction of Medals as shown by the Royal Warrants Published in the London Gazette (Microsoft Word). London: London Gazette. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
  • Martin, Stanley (2007). The Order of Merit: One Hundred Years of Matchless Honour. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. ISBN 978-1-86064-848-9. OCLC 50527777. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
  • Ministry of Defence (October 2016). JSP761 – Honours and Awards in the Armed Forces (Adobe Acrobat) (5th ed.). London: UK Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  • Tinson, Ashley R. (1995) [1977]. Orders, Decorations and Medals of the Sultanate of Oman. London: Spink. ISBN 0-907605-59-1. OCLC 5616224.
  • UK Ministry of Defence Medals Office
  • UK Ministry of Defence Medals Office – British Armed Forces Medals: Decorations, campaign medals and other awards awarded 'On Her Majesty's Service'
  • The UK Honours System
  • Cabinet Office Ceremonial Secretariat website
  • London Gazette website
  • Crown Honours, Debretts, c. 2004, retrieved 23 May 2010
  • Medals of the World – United Kingdom Medals
  • War Medals and Their History Detailed historical information on British military and naval awards from the Spanish Armada to World War I
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