Chief Ministers in Malaysia

In Malaysia, the Menteri Besar (Jawi:منتري بسر; literally "First Minister") is the head of government of each of nine states in Malaysia with hereditary rulers. For four states without a monarch, the title Chief Minister (Ketua Menteri) is used. The title 'Menteri Besar' is usually untranslated in the English media in Malaysia,^[1] but is typically translated as 'Chief Minister' by foreign media.^[2] According to protocol, all Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers are styled Yang Amat Berhormat (abbreviated YAB), which means "The Most Honourable".

The nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states and the appointed governors of the other four states serve as constitutional and ceremonial heads of their states, while the state executive authority rests with the Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers. Following elections to the state legislative assembly, the Ruler or Governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the state government. The Ruler or Governor appoints and swears in the Menteris Besar or Chief Ministers, whose executive council (or Cabinet in Sabah and Sarawak) are collectively responsible to the assembly. Based on the Westminster system, given that he retains the confidence of the assembly, the Menteri's Besar or Chief Minister's term can last for the length of the assembly's life—a maximum of five years. There are no limits to the number of terms that the Menteri Besar or Chief Minister can serve.

Background

In most states within Malaysia, the office was created by the British colonial government in 1948, in tandem with the creation of the Federation of Malaya. However, Johor was the first state to create the Menteri Besar position, subject to Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor (Johor State Constitution) enforced by Sultan Abu Bakar. This had made Johor the first Malay state to adopt a system of constitutional monarchy. After Malaya gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1957, the office bearer is appointed among the state legislative assembly members by the Sultans. The Menteri Besar and Chief Minister usually comes from the party (or coalition) which commands a majority in the state assembly.

Relations between the First Ministers, Chief Ministers and other levels of government

For many decades, the First Ministers (Menteri Besar) and Chief Ministers (Ketua Menteri) met with each other and the Prime Minister at Mesyuarat Menteri-Menteri Besar dan Ketua Menteri.^[3]

Selection process

Eligibility

By comparison, the thirteen state constitutions (Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri or Perlembagaan Negeri) have some similarities and also some differences in setting the principle qualifications one must meet to be eligible to the office of the Menteri Besar (or Chief Minister).

A Menteri Besar or Ketua Menteri must be a Malaysian citizen, of at least 21 years of age and a member of state legislative assembly who commands the confidence of the majority of the members of the assembly. Upon appointment, he shall not hold any office of profit and engage in any trade, business or profession that will cause conflict of interest.

For nine states in Malaysia with hereditary rulers, the Menteri Besar must be an ethnic Malay male who professes the religion of Islam and must not a Malaysian citizen by naturalization or by registration. Only through royal consent the office of Menteri Besar can be held by an individual who does not meet these criteria.

For four states in Malaysia with governors (namely Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak), the office of Ketua Menteri is open to any Malaysian citizen regardless of their religion, ethnicity and gender. However, citizens by naturalization or by registration are still prohibited by state laws.

Election

The Menteri Besar (or Chief Minister) is elected through a majority in the state legislative assembly. This is procedurally established by the vote of confidence in the legislative assembly, as suggested by the Ruler (or Governor) of the state who is the appointing authority.

Oath

Since, according to the constitution, the Menteri Besar is appointed by the Ruler (or, in case of the Chief Minister, the Governor), the swearing in is done before the Ruler (or Governor) of the state.

Remuneration

Remuneration of the Menteri Besar (or Chief Minister) as well as other members of the Executive Council (or Cabinet) and members of the Legislative Assembly are to be decided by the respective state legislatures. Hence this varies from state to state.

Current Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers

Title	Name^[4]		Term
Menteri Besar of Johor	Osman Sapian	PH (PPBM)	12 May 2018 7002153000000000000♠153 days
Menteri Besar of Kedah	Mukhriz Mahathir	PH (PPBM)	11 May 2018 7002154000000000000♠154 days
Menteri Besar of Kelantan	Ahmad Yaakob	PAS	6 May 2013 7003198500000000000♠5 years, 159 days
Chief Minister of Malacca	Adly Zahari	PH (AMANAH)	11 May 2018 7002154000000000000♠154 days
Menteri Besar of Negeri Sembilan	Aminuddin Harun	PH (PKR)	12 May 2018 7002153000000000000♠153 days
Menteri Besar of Pahang	Wan Rosdy	BN (UMNO)	15 May 2018 7002150000000000000♠150 days
Chief Minister of Penang	Chow Kon Yeow	PH (DAP)	14 May 2018 7002151000000000000♠151 days
Menteri Besar of Perak	Ahmad Faizal Azumu	PH (PPBM)	12 May 2018 7002153000000000000♠153 days
Menteri Besar of Perlis	Azlan Man	BN (IND)	7 May 2013 7003198400000000000♠5 years, 158 days
Chief Minister of Sabah	Shafie Apdal	WARISAN	12 May 2018 7002153000000000000♠153 days
Chief Minister of Sarawak	Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari	GPS (PBB)	13 January 2017 7002637000000000000♠1 year, 272 days
Menteri Besar of Selangor	Amirudin Shari	PH (PKR)	19 June 2018 7002115000000000000♠115 days
Menteri Besar of Terengganu	Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar	PAS	10 May 2018 7002155000000000000♠155 days

↑ This column names only the chief minister's party. The state government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; those are not listed here.

Timeline

References

↑
The following are examples of the use of Menteri Besar in
- State media: "Badrul Hisham To Be Referred to Rights Committee After Sarawak Election: MB". Bernama. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- Newspapers: Lim, Louisa (9 April 2011). "That Effing Show: New twist to comedy". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- Internet news: Spykerman, Neville (8 July 2010). "Khalid remains Selangor Pakatan chief, says Anwar". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
Distinction between Menteri Besar and Chief Minister in the same article:
- "Why Old Timers in Opposition Have Not Stepped Down, Asks Shafie". Bernama. 9 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- Plural form: "Najib Chairs 108th Meeting Of Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers". Bernama. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
↑
Examples of the use of Chief Minister in place of Menteri Besar by non-local media:
- "Cleric: Women's Sexy Clothing Distracting Muslim Men From Sleep, Prayers". Fox News. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- Brown, Kevin (23 August 2010). "Malaysia looks to ancient alternative currency – gold". Financial Times. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
↑ Cabinet, Constitution and Inter-Government Relation Division
↑ List of Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers of the states of Malaysia

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[5] This column names only the chief minister's party. The state government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; those are not listed here.

[1] The following are examples of the use of Menteri Besar in
State media: "Badrul Hisham To Be Referred to Rights Committee After Sarawak Election: MB". Bernama. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

Newspapers: Lim, Louisa (9 April 2011). "That Effing Show: New twist to comedy". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

Internet news: Spykerman, Neville (8 July 2010). "Khalid remains Selangor Pakatan chief, says Anwar". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
Distinction between Menteri Besar and Chief Minister in the same article:
"Why Old Timers in Opposition Have Not Stepped Down, Asks Shafie". Bernama. 9 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

Plural form: "Najib Chairs 108th Meeting Of Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers". Bernama. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2011.

[mwAQI] State media: "Badrul Hisham To Be Referred to Rights Committee After Sarawak Election: MB". Bernama. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

[mwAQw] Newspapers: Lim, Louisa (9 April 2011). "That Effing Show: New twist to comedy". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

[mwARc] Internet news: Spykerman, Neville (8 July 2010). "Khalid remains Selangor Pakatan chief, says Anwar". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

[mwASU] "Why Old Timers in Opposition Have Not Stepped Down, Asks Shafie". Bernama. 9 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

[mwAS4] Plural form: "Najib Chairs 108th Meeting Of Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers". Bernama. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2011.

[2] Examples of the use of Chief Minister in place of Menteri Besar by non-local media:
"Cleric: Women's Sexy Clothing Distracting Muslim Men From Sleep, Prayers". Fox News. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

Brown, Kevin (23 August 2010). "Malaysia looks to ancient alternative currency – gold". Financial Times. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

[mwATs] "Cleric: Women's Sexy Clothing Distracting Muslim Men From Sleep, Prayers". Fox News. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

[mwAUQ] Brown, Kevin (23 August 2010). "Malaysia looks to ancient alternative currency – gold". Financial Times. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

[3] Cabinet, Constitution and Inter-Government Relation Division

[4] List of Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers of the states of Malaysia

Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers of the states of Malaysia
Menteris Besar	Johor: Osman Sapian (PH-PPBM) Kedah: Mukhriz Mahathir (PH-PPBM) Kelantan: Ahmad Yakob (PAS) Negeri Sembilan: Aminuddin Harun (PH-PKR) Pahang: Wan Rosdy (BN-UMNO) Perak: Ahmad Faizal Azumu (PH-PPBM) Perlis: Azlan Man (BN-IND) Selangor: Amirudin Shari (PH-PKR) Terengganu: Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar (PAS)
Chief Ministers	Melaka: Adly Zahari (PH-AMANAH) Penang: Chow Kon Yeow (PH-DAP) Sabah: Shafie Apdal (WARISAN) Sarawak: Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari (GPS-PBB)