Max Taitz

Max A. Taitz
Native name Макс Аркадьевич Тайц
Born 1904 (age 113–114)
Warsaw, Russian Empire
Died July 23, 1980(1980-07-23) (aged 76)
Zhukovsky
Burial place Bykovskoye Memorial Cemetery in Zhukovsky
Nationality Jew
Citizenship Soviet Union
Alma mater Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1929)
Occupation
Years active 1929–1974
Employer
Known for scientist in aerodynamics, theory of jet engines and flight testing of aircraft, one of the founders of the Gromov Flight Research Institute (1941)
Home town Zhukovsky
Title
Successor Arseny Mironov
Spouse(s) Iraida B. Zeest (married 1925)
Children two daughters
Parent(s)
  • Izhok-Aaron (Isaak-Arkady) Z. Taitz
  • Sara (Sophia) M. Vilenchuk
Awards
  • (1949)
  • (1953)
  • (1961)
  • (1977)
1944 1966 1945
1937
1970 1944
Website In memory of M. A. Taitz (in Russian)

Max Taitz (1904-1980) — scientist, engineer, one of the founders of the Gromov Flight Research Institute (1941), doctor of technical science, professor, recipient of the Stalin Prize (1949 and 1953), Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR (1961).[1][2][3][4]

Biography

Early years

Born in Warsaw, Russian Empire.[5] In 1915 Taitz family escaped from the war to Moscow, where Max with his younger brother studied in Sokolov-Korobov private gymnasium (later Soviet secondary school No. 81). After the gymnasium entered Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School. Being a student earned money for life working as a proofreader and binder for a number of Moscow publishers. Closer to graduation worked as an aviation technician for the Soviet Air Force Research Institute (NII VVS) and started flight training (in Sevastopol). In 1925 got married with then Moscow State University student Iraida Zeest (later known Soviet archaeologist). Upon graduation from the Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School in 1929 was assigned to work for Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI).[4]

Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute

Engineering and research activities in TsAGI started as a flight test engineer in the flight test section under supervision of Alexander Chesalov and Vsevolod Vedrov.[4] His first work was a flight testing of the TB-5 heavy bomber with Mikhail Gromov as a lead test pilot.[4][6]

ANT-25 in San Jacinto after the new non-stop flight distance record of 10,148 kilometers (6,306 mi) from Moscow to United States via the North Pole (July 1937)

In 1934-1937 participated in technical commission for engineering support of non-stop flight distance record flights of Valery Chkalov and Mikhail Gromov in Tupolev ANT-25 long-haul aeroplane and upon successful completion was awarded his first Order of Red Banner of Labour (1937). Was one of the authors of the comprehensive "Aircraft designer reference book" published by TsAGI in 1937.[4] Was involved also in engineering support of Sigizmund Levanevsky record flights from Moscow over the Pole to the USA.[2][7]

After the arrest of his elder brother (David Taitz) in 1938 decided to leave TsAGI not waiting for his own arrest and worked as engineer-editor for the State Scientific Library of the NKTP where was involved in preparing the aviation department of the "News of Technical Literature" journal. In 1939 got a chance to obtain position of a dean of Theoretical Mechanics Department at the Soviet Union Industrial Academy. However, in 1940 a delegation from TsAGI visited him and requested his return to the institute to head a group of researchers.[4]

Flight Research Institute

Together with Alexander Chesalov and Vsevolod Vedrov with support of Mikhail Gromov and Ivan Petrov arranged for establishment of the Institute of Flight Research (8 March 1941).[7] Work for new institute started in 1941 at the position of the Chief of Laboratory No. 2 being also acting Deputy Chief of the institute for Science.[2][8]

During the war headed the evacuation of a science core of the institute to Novosibirsk and supervised flight and ground testing of the serial production fighter planes accomplished by the institute and aircraft manufacturers in order to eliminate defects in flight qualities and war-fighting capabilities of the aircraft.[2] At the same time took lead in development of the second volume of the "Aircraft Designers Handbook" (RDK) devoted to the flight test techniques and published by TsAGI in 1944.[4][2]

The same year (1944) assigned to head a Soviet technical group for evaluation of the Peenemünde test site where German missiles V-1 and V-2 were tested.[2]

In 1945-1947 together with Alexander Chesalov initiated the development of testbed aeroplanes starting from the testbed based on the Tu-2 bomber for flight testing of the jet engines. Concurrently Taitz has developed the theory of similarity for aviation turbojet engines testing.[7][9] Organised and supervised the flight research and testing the first Soviet jet fighters MiG-9, MiG-15, MiG-19, Su-9, etc. Results of these works were awarded the Stalin Prize in 1949.[4][2]

At the end of 1940th (a second wave of antisemitism) as many others was fired from the institute. Later, in conjunction with the new research in unmanned aircraft and missiles and establishment in 1952 of a new dedicated division, was asked to get back to the institute.[2]

Cruise missile KS-1 under the wing of Tu-16 bomber

After his return played a major role in the development and flight tests of the Soviet cruise missiles (KS-1 and others) and their automatic control systems.[4][7]

In 1956 then Chief of the institute Nickolay Stroyev insisted that Taitz should be assigned to the position of his deputy, even though a number of hight level officials of the aviation industry were against that due to the Taitz nationality, his reluctance to be a Communist Party member and his repressed or emigrated relatives.[4]

In late 1960th initiated the development of USSR civil aircraft certification system and was a strong supporter of joining the USSR to the Chicago convention and ICAO.[10] FRI became a leading research organisation in the USSR in flight testing and certification of aircraft and Taitz was a real driving force behind that. Among others lead scientists in these activities were Nickolay Stroyev, Victor Utkin and Arseny Mironov.[9]

In 1960th for a number of year was a head of the Soviet-French working group on avionics and flight tests. For achievements in automation of aeroplanes control was awarded the Order of Lenin (1966).[2]

Universities

At different times was a professor at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1938—1940), Moscow Aviation Institute,[4] Moscow State Aviation Technological University (1940—1941) and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1955—1980).[11][4]

From 1965 till 1974 was a head of the Aerophysical and Flight Research Department within the Aeromechanics and Flight Engineering Faculty of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.[12]

Family

Father - Izhok-Aaron (Isaak-Arkady) Z. Taitz (Russian: Ицхок-Аарон (Исаак-Аркадий) Захарович Тайц) (1868—1935), born in Kaunas (Lithuania, Russian Empire), traveling salesman.[5][4]

Mother - Sara (Sophia) M. Vilenchuk (Russian: Сара Мовшевна (Софья Моисеевна) Виленчук) (1874—1951), born in suburb of Kaunas (Lithuania, Russian Empire).[5][4]

Was married (1925-1980), wife - Iraida B. Zeest (Russian: Ираида Борисовна Зеест) (1902-1981), born in Saint Petersburg (Russian Empire), studied in Moscow State University, graduated from the Faculty of Philology, Doctor of Science in History, worked for the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts and (later) for the Institute of Archaeology, USSR Academy of Sciences.[13][2][4][14]

Daughters: Irina M. Khmelevskaya (Taitz) (Russian: Ирина Максовна Хмелевская (Тайц)) (born 1932) and Elena M. Flokovskaya (Taitz) (Russian: Елена Максовна Флорковская (Тайц)) (born 1940).[15]

Awards and Decorations

Memory

Max Taitz memorial plate on the Gromov Flight Research Institute headquarters building

Notable publications

Most publications of M. A. Taitz are in Russian and many of them still classified. Below are some notable publications.

  • Ведров, В. С.; Горский, В. П.; Тайц, М. А. (1935). "Сравнение результатов исследований 5 самолетов в полете и их моделей в аэродинамических трубах" [Comparison of results of the 5 aeroplanes in-flight research and their models testing in the wind tunnels]. Труды ЦАГИ (in Russian). ЦАГИ (214).
  • Справочник авиаконструктора [Aircraft designer reference book] (in Russian). Москва: ЦАГИ. 1937. p. 512.
  • Калачев, Г. С.; Остославский, И. В.; Тайц, М. А. (1945). "Некоторые вопросы компоновки скоростных самолетов" [Certain problems of high-speed aeroplanes configuration]. Труды ЛИИ (in Russian). ЛИИ.
  • Ведров, В. С.; Тайц, М. А. (1951). Летные испытания самолетов [Aeroplanes flight testing] (in Russian). Москва: Оборонгиз. p. 484.
  • Ведров, В. С.; Смирнов, В. П.; Тайц, М. А. (1956). "Исследования продольных автоколебаний самолета с необратимым гидроусилителем в системе управления" [Research of longitudinal auto-oscillations of an airplane with an irreversible hydraulic booster in the flight control system]. Труды ЛИИ (in Russian). ЛИИ (65).
  • Миронов, А. Д.; Строев, Н. С.; Тайц, М. А.; и др. (1980). Образцов, И. Ф., ed. Развитие авиационной науки и техники в СССР: историко-технические очерки - Глава "Лётные исследования" [Development of aviation science and technology in the USSR: historical and technical essays - Chapter "Flight research"] (in Russian). Москва: Наука : АН СССР. p. 496.
  • Тайц, М. А. (1983). Теоретические основы методов определения в полете летных характеристик самолетов : Применение теории подобия [Theoretical foundations of methods for in-flight evaluation of aeroplanes flight characteristics : The theory of similarity application]. Справочная библиотека авиационного инженера-испытателя "Летные испытания самолетов и вертолетов" (in Russian). Москва: Машиностроение. p. 128. (book issued after the death of the author)

References

  1. ↑ Зелин, Александр, ed. (2009). Авиация России : биографическая энциклопедия : 1909-2009 [Aviation of Russia : Biographical Encyclopedia : 1909-2009] (in Russian). Москва: Столичная энциклопедия. p. 880. ISBN 978-5-903989-03-4.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Деятельность М. А. Тайца в ЛИИ во время войны и в послевоенные годы — Еженедельник "Жуковские вести", № 25, 17-24 июня 2014 года" [M. A. Taitz in GFRI in a war time and post-war years — Zhukovskiye Vesti weekly, issue 25, 17–24 June 2014] (in Russian). Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести". Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  3. ↑ Остапенко, Юрий, ed. (2005). XX век. Авиастроение России в лицах [XXth Century. Faces of Russian Aviation Industry] (in Russian). Москва: МОО «Общество авиастроителей». p. 552.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Шевченко, В. А.; Лапин, Ю. А. (1995). Свищёв, Георгий, ed. Знакомьтесь : город Жуковский [Meet : Zhukovsky City] (in Russian). Москва: АО "Книга графикс". pp. 91–104.
  5. 1 2 3 "Персональный сайт семьи Тайц - Самуил" [Personal site of the Taitz family - Samuel] (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  6. ↑ Михаил Маслов (November 2013). "Тяжелый бомбардировщик ТБ-5" [TB-5 heavy bomber] (journal) (in Russian) (11) (Авиация и космонавтика вчера, сегодня, завтра ed.). Москва: Издательство "Техинформ".
  7. 1 2 3 4 Амирьянц, Георгий (2001). Летчики-испытатели. Сергей Анохин со товарищи [Test Pilots. Sergey Anokhin with Comrades] (PDF) (in Russian). Москва: Машиностроение. p. 157.
  8. ↑ "Вековой юбилей легенды летных исследований" [Centennial jubilee of the legend of flight research] (in Russian). Ассоциация государственных научных центров РФ. 2018-01-09. Retrieved 2018-01-27.
  9. 1 2 Васильченко, К. К.; Знаменская, А. М.; Клячко, М. Д.; Махонькин, Ю. Е.; Миронов, А. Д.; Хейфец, М. И., eds. (1993). Лётные исследования и испытания. Фрагменты истории и современное состояние : Научно-технический сборник [Flight Research and Testing. Fragments of History and the Present State: A Sci.-Tech. Collection] (in Russian). Москва: Машиностроение. p. 496.
  10. ↑ Анатолий Смирнов (March 2016). "Съезд должен заняться поиском решений сегодняшних трудностей" [The Congress must look for solutions to today's difficulties] (PDF) (weekly) (9(1271)) (Жуковские Вести ed.). Zhukovsky: Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести": 6.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Свищёв, Георгий, ed. (1994). Авиация : Энциклопедия [Aviation : Encyclopedia] (in Russian). Москва: Большая российская энциклопедия : ЦАГИ. p. 735.
  12. ↑ Миронов, А. Д.; Берестов, Л. М.; Золотухин, Р. Б.; Леонова, М. Ф.; Амирьянц, В. А., eds. (2001). Лётно-исследовательский институт. События. Люди [Flight Research Institute. Events. People] (in Russian). Москва: Машиностроение : Машиностроение-Полет. p. 536.
  13. ↑ "ЗЕ́ЕСТ ИРАИ́ДА БОРИ́СОВНА | Энциклопедия Всемирная история". w.histrf.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-03-06.
  14. ↑ Пономарёв, Ю. Л.; Луняков, В. С.; Тайц-Хмелевская, И. М. (1997-06-18). "Вспоминая М. А. Тайца" [Remembering M.A. Taitz]. Жуковские Вести (in Russian). No. 25. Жуковский: Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести". p. 4.
  15. ↑ "Персональный сайт семьи Тайц - Генеалогия" [Personal site of the Taitz family - Genealogy] (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  • Шевченко, В. А.; Лапин, Ю. А. (1995). Свищёв, Георгий, ed. Знакомьтесь : город Жуковский [Meet : Zhukovsky City] (in Russian). Москва: АО "Книга графикс". pp. 91–104.
  • Свищёв, Георгий, ed. (1994). Авиация : Энциклопедия [Aviation : Encyclopedia] (in Russian). Москва: Большая российская энциклопедия : ЦАГИ. p. 735.
  • Зелин, Александр, ed. (2009). Авиация России : биографическая энциклопедия : 1909-2009 [Aviation of Russia : Biographical Encyclopedia : 1909-2009] (in Russian). Москва: Столичная энциклопедия. p. 880. ISBN 978-5-903989-03-4.
  • Остапенко, Юрий, ed. (2005). XX век. Авиастроение России в лицах [XXth Century. Faces of Russian Aviation Industry] (in Russian). Москва: МОО «Общество авиастроителей». p. 552.
  • Васильченко, К. К.; Знаменская, А. М.; Клячко, М. Д.; Махонькин, Ю. Е.; Миронов, А. Д.; Хейфец, М. И., eds. (1993). Лётные исследования и испытания. Фрагменты истории и современное состояние : Научно-технический сборник [Flight Research and Testing. Fragments of History and the Present State: A Sci.-Tech. Collection] (in Russian). Москва: Машиностроение. p. 496.
  • Миронов, А. Д.; Берестов, Л. М.; Золотухин, Р. Б.; Леонова, М. Ф.; Амирьянц, В. А., eds. (2001). Лётно-исследовательский институт. События. Люди [Flight Research Institute. Events. People] (in Russian). Москва: Машиностроение : Машиностроение-Полет. p. 536.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.