Max Schreck

Early life

Max Schreck was born in Berlin-Friedenau, on 6 September 1879. Six years later, his father bought a house in the independent rural community of Friedenau, then part of the district of Teltow.

His father did not approve of Schreck's ever-growing enthusiasm for theater. Schreck's mother provided the boy with money, which he secretly used for acting lessons, although only after the death of his father did he attend drama school. After graduating, he travelled briefly across the country with poet and dramatist Demetrius Schrutz.

Schreck had engagements in Mulhouse, Meseritz, Speyer, Rudolstadt, Erfurt and Weissenfels, and his first extended stay at the Gera Theater. Greater engagements followed, especially in Frankfurt am Main. From there he went to Berlin for Max Reinhardt and the Munich Chamber Games for Otto Falckenberg. From then on he began to work in films.

Schreck received his training at the Berliner Staatstheater (State Theatre of Berlin), completing it in 1902.^[3] He made his stage début in Meseritz and Speyer, and then toured Germany for two years, appearing at theatres in Zittau, Erfurt, Bremen,^[3] Lucerne,^[3] Gera,^[3] and Frankfurt am Main.^[3] Schreck then joined Max Reinhardt's company of performers in Berlin.^[5] Many members of Reinhardt's troupe went on to make significant contributions to the German film industry.^[5]

Career

Max Schreck in Nosferatu (1922)

For three years between 1919 and 1922, Schreck appeared at the Munich Kammerspiele,^[5] including a role in the expressionist production of Bertolt Brecht's début, Trommeln in der Nacht (Drums in the Night) (in which he played the "freakshow landlord" Glubb).^[6] During this time he also worked on his first film The Mayor of Zalamea, adapted from a six-act play, for Decla Bioscop.^[5] In 1921, he was hired by Prana Film for its first and only production, Nosferatu. The company declared itself bankrupt after the film was released to avoid paying copyright infringement costs to Dracula author Bram Stoker's widow, Florence Stoker.^[5] Schreck portrayed Count Orlok, a character analogous to Count Dracula.^[5]

In 1923, while still in Munich, Schreck appeared in a 16-minute (one-reeler) slapstick, "surreal comedy" written by Bertolt Brecht with cabaret and stage actors Karl Valentin, Liesl Karlstadt, Erwin Faber, and Blandine Ebinger, entitled Mysterien eines Friseursalons (Mysteries of a Barbershop), directed by Erich Engel.^[7] Also in 1923, Schreck appeared as a blind man in the film Die Straße (The Street).^[2][5]

Schreck's second collaboration with Nosferatu director F. W. Murnau was the 1924 comedy Die Finanzen des Grossherzogs (The Grand Duke's Finances).^[5] Even Murnau did not hesitate to declare his contempt for the picture.^[5] In 1926, Schreck returned to the Kammerspiele in Munich and continued to act in films surviving the advent of sound until his death in 1936 of heart failure.^[8]

Personal life

Schreck in Die Straße (1923)

Schreck was married to actress Fanny Normann,^[5] who appeared in a few films, often credited as Fanny Schreck.

One of Schreck's contemporaries recalled that he was a loner with an unusual sense of humor and skill in playing grotesque characters. He also reported that he lived in "a remote and incorporeal world" and that he often spent time walking through forests.^[8]

Death

On 19 February 1936, Schreck had just played The Grand Inquisitor in the play Don Carlos, standing in for Will Dohm. That evening he felt unwell and the doctor sent him to the hospital where he died early the next morning of a heart attack.^[9] His obituary especially praised his role as The Miser in Molière's comedy play.^[9] He was buried on 14 March 1936 at Wilmersdorfer Waldfriedhof Stahnsdorf in Brandenburg.^[2]