Mary Jane Clarke

Mary Jane Clarke (1862–1910), was a British suffragette. She was Emmeline Pankhurst's sister and she died after being force fed whilst in prison.

Biography

Born in Salford one of ten children, making her the younger sister of Emmeline Pankhurst. Her father was the managing director of a cotton-printing works.[1] She was educated at the École Normale Supérieure, Paris along with her sister. She was co-founder with Emmeline of the Emerson & Co. shop in Hampstead Row.[2] At the shop, her artistic skills added decoration of the shops’s stock of art-enameled fancy goods and was described in the 1891 census as a "decorative artist". After the Pankursts moved to Manchester in 1893, she helped to reliance Emerson's there in 1898.[1] In December 1895, she married John Clarke. By 1904 she left him, and lived with Sylvia Pankhurst.[2]

In the early years of the Women’s Social and Political Union, Clarke acted as Emmeline Pankhurst's deputy as registrar in Manchester. By February 1906, she was fully involved in the WSPU and in 1907 was appointed a WSPU organiser. In 1909, she led a group to Downing Street, and was arrested and sentenced to one month in prison. After being released, she began speaking for the WSPU in Yorkshire in 1909 and by the summer was the organizer on the south coast in Brighton.[1] She ran the general election campaign in the United Kingdom general election, January 1910.[2]

After Black Friday (1910), 18 November 1910, she was arrested for window smashing, 23 November 1910, and held in HM Prison Holloway and force-fed. She was released on 23 December 1910.[3] She died on 26 December 1910, in Winchmore Hill, London.[2] She was described in her obituary by Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence as "the first woman martyr who has gone to death for this cause".[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Crawford, Elizabeth (2003-09-02). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928. Routledge. ISBN 1135434026.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Crawford, Elizabeth (2013). Women's Suffrage Movement. Taylor & Francis,. pp. 114–115. ISBN 1135434026.
  3. ↑ "Suffragette's Death". The Advertiser. 30 December 1910.
  • "The Suffragettes, Black Friday and two types of window smashing". Counterfire. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  • "Votes for Women". 6 January 1911.
  • Elizabeth Crawford (4 June 2013). "Why is Emily Wilding Davison remembered as the first suffragette martyr?". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
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